Bean Production Problems in the TropicsHoward F. Schwartz, Marcial A. Pastor Corrales The first section reviews trends of bean production and constraints in Latin America and Africa. The second section covers fungal diseases. The third section, bacterial diseases. The fourth section, viral and mycoplasma diseases. The fifth section, insect pests. The last section, other bean production constraints, that is, nutritional disorders, nematodes, seed pathology, and additional problems. |
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Abawi adult Africa Agricultura Tropical Agriculture anthracnose appear areas associated bacterial bean Phaseolus vulgaris bean production bean rust become beetle blight Brazil brown Cali caused Central Centro Internacional chemical CIAT Colombia common bean Costa Rica crop cultivars cultural damage disease effective eggs et al field Figure flowering frijol fungus Fusarium genes germination growth halo host important Improv increased infection isolates Latin America leaf spot leaves legumes lesions levels lindemuthianum losses Mexico mosaic virus mycelium names nematodes occurs pathogen period pests Phaseolus vulgaris Phytopathol Phytopathology pods populations practices production Pythium races reaction reduced regions reported Research resistance Rhizoctonia solani root rot Sclerotinia seed severe soil sources southern species stage stem strains studies surface symptoms Table temperature tissue types United University Uromyces usually yellow yield Zaumeyer and Thomas