Environmental Isotopes in HydrogeologyGroundwater is an increasingly important resource to human populations around the world, and the study and protection of groundwater is an essential part of hydrogeology - the subset of hydrology that concentrates on the subsurface. Environmental isotopes, naturally occurring nuclides in water and solutes, have become fundamental tools for tracing the recharge, history, and contamination of groundwater. |
Contents
Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology | 2 |
Craigs Meteoric Relationship in Global Fresh Waters | 36 |
The T8180 Correlation in Precipitation | 64 |
Local effects on T8¹³ | 70 |
Problems | 77 |
Recharge in Arid Regions | 86 |
Recharge from RiverConnected Aquifers | 96 |
Evolution of Carbon in Groundwaters | 112 |
Nitrogen cycling in rural watersheds | 148 |
Source of chloride salinity | 155 |
IDENTIFYING AND DATING MODERN GROUNDWATERS | 171 |
Stable Isotopes and Paleogroundwaters | 198 |
Mechanisms of Isotope Exchange | 246 |
Low Temperature WaterRock Interaction | 255 |
Groundwater | 271 |
Water in the Unsaturated Zone | 282 |
Carbon13 in the Carbonate System | 119 |
Methane in Groundwaters | 127 |
in secondary calcite and paleotemperatures | 133 |
REFERENCES | 291 |
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Common terms and phrases
14C activity 8¹³C analyses aquifer atmospheric atoms basin bottle brines Ca2+ calcite calculated Chapter chloride closed system conditions CO₂ concentration contamination dating decay denitrification depleted determined deuterium diffusion dilution dissolved dissolved inorganic carbon enrichment environmental isotopes equation evaporation evolution flow fractionation factor Fritz fulvic acid geochemical geochemistry geothermal global GMWL groundwater groundwater ages H₂O H₂S half-life HCO3 humidity hydrogeology Hydrology IAEA infiltration input isotope exchange isotope fractionation isotope hydrology isotopic composition kinetic marine mass spectrometry measured meteoric water meteoric water line methane methanogenesis mg/L minerals mixing neutron nitrate oceans Oman organic carbon oxidation paleogroundwaters Pco₂ precipitation processes production radiocarbon rain ratio reaction recharge area recharge environment redox regions reservoir residual rocks runoff salinity sample seasonal variations seawater secular equilibrium soil CO2 solubility solution stable isotopes subsurface sulphate reduction sulphide surface temperature tritium values VPDB VSMOW water table zone
References to this book
Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology Peter G. Cook,Andrew L. Herczeg No preview available - 2000 |