Major Spices of India: Crop Management and Post-harvest Technology

Agmark Agric Agricultural All-India Andhra Pradesh areas Arecanut Arecanut and Spices average berries black pepper bleached Calicut capsaicin Capsicum capsules cardamom centres CFTRI characteristics chillies Cochin colour countries CPCRI crop cultivars cultivation curcumin curing Delhi disease dried drier dry ginger Elettaria cardamomum essential oil export extraction extraneous matter fertilizers flavour fruits ginger ginger and turmeric Grade designations green pepper growers grown growth harvest hectare important India Indian Cocoa infestation insect irrigation Karnataka Kasaragod Kerala large cardamom leaf maximum million rupees moisture Mysore Nair nematodes nursery oleoresin packaging Panniyur paprika percentage pest Piper nigrum piperine plants pods powder processing production Pruthi pungency Quantity Red Mild Research rhizomes Sannam seedlings seeds soil spices spices and condiments Spices Board spikes spraying storage suitable Table Tamil Nadu thrips tonnes trade turmeric types varieties vines volatile oil weight white pepper yield Zingiber officinale