The Geochemistry of Natural Waters

acid Acta activity coefficients adsorption albite alkalinity aluminum amount anions aquifer atmosphere basalt basin Berner boundary brines brucite Ca² Ca2+ calcite calcium calculated carbonate cations Chapter chemical chloride clay minerals CO₂ complex composition concentration constant Cosmochim deposition diagram diffusion dissolution dissolved dolomite Drever effect equation equilibrium evaporation evaporites example exchange factor Fe2+ feldspar Figure fraction free energy Garrels Geochim gibbsite groundwater gypsum HCO3 input interstitial water ions iron isotopic K-feldspar K₁ kaolinite kinetics Lake Lake Magadi layer log Keq magnesium mg/l Mg2+ natural waters ocean organic matter oxides oxygen Pco₂ percent plagioclase plot precipitation processes pyrophyllite quartz ratio reaction redox river rock runoff salinity salts seawater sediment sepiolite silica SiO2 smectite sodium soil solutions solid phases solubility species stability sulfate sulfide sulfur supersaturated surface waters temperature tion titration undersaturated values water chemistry weathering zone