The Measurement of AppearanceThis second edition of a unique text/reference identifies the appearance attributes of objects and the methods available for measuring them, bringing together much material not previously organized for ready reference. The primary premise here is that ``object appearance'' involves not only color, but such attributes as gloss, luster, and translucency. The first part of the book, concerned with nature of appearance, draws from the fields of physiology and psychology and considers the eye-brain combination and the way it receives and interprets light signals. This is followed by a consideration of the optical properties of objects from the physical standpoint. The second part of the book deals with the numerical scales used to measure object appearance. The discussion here draws on psychophysics in describing the uses of physical techniques to give numbers having psychological significance. The third part of the book covers instruments for the measurement of the attributes of object appearance, their principles of design, and a survey of the major ones in use. The final chapter discusses specific applications of appearance measurement. Includes appendixes and a glossary. |
Contents
LIGHT SOURCES AND ILLUMINATION | 20 |
INTERACTION OF OBJECTS WITH LIGHT | 29 |
THE HUMAN OBSERVER AND VISUAL | 51 |
Summary of Conditions to Be Controlled | 57 |
Standardized Conditions for Visual Evaluation of Gloss | 64 |
PART | 71 |
THE CIE STANDARD OBSERVERS | 95 |
UNIFORM COLOR SCALES | 119 |
29 | 217 |
INSTRUMENT CLASSIFICATION AND COMPONENTS | 241 |
FILTER COMBINATIONS | 264 |
Electrical Measurement Devices | 270 |
INSTRUMENTS FOR THE CHROMATIC ATTRIBUTES | 290 |
STANDARDS STANDARDIZATION | 303 |
SPECIMEN SELECTION PREPARATION | 316 |
Benefits of the Specimen Averaging Technique | 330 |
Concept of Color Difference | 163 |
AdamsNickerson Series | 169 |
MacAdam Systems | 175 |
21 | 176 |
Interrelationships of Color Difference Scales | 183 |
Selection of Methods of Color Difference Measurement | 189 |
SPECIAL SCALES FOR WHITE COLORS | 195 |
OTHER SCALES FOR COLOR IDENTIFICATION | 209 |
33 | 345 |
APPENDIX | 361 |
2233 | 365 |
BIBLIOGRAPHYAUTHOR INDEX | 381 |
391 | |
392 | |
399 | |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
Adams Adams-Nickerson appearance attributes appearance measurement ASTM beam blue Chapter chromaticity diagram CIE Illuminant CIELAB CIELUV color difference color measurement color solid Color System color-difference formulae Colorimetry component computed correlation designed diffuse reflectance dimensions dominant wavelength dyes equations evaluation field angles filters fluorescent function geometric attributes glass gloss glossmeter goniophotometer gray haze Hunter identify industry instrument Judd lamp light source MacAdam MacAdam ellipses match materials metamerism meters method mixture Munsell Color Munsell Color System Munsell Value NBS Unit Nickerson object opacity opponent-colors optical optical brightener paint paper photodetector pigments plastic primary receptor reflectance factor reflectometer sample saturation selected shown in Figure space specific specimen spectral curve spectrophotometer spectrum specular gloss specular reflection Standard Observer subtractive color surface Table textile transmission transmitted tristimulus colorimeter tristimulus values tungsten uniform color scales unit of color viewing Wyszecki yellow z functions