The Urban ClimateThe Urban Climate aims to summarize analytical studies directed toward physical understanding of the rural-urban differences in the atmospheric boundary layer. Attempts to quantify conditions have met with some success. There is certainly a clear understanding of the physical relations that create the climatic differences of urbanized areas. Although some of the earlier classical studies are cited here, the emphasis is on the work done during the last decade and a half. This volume comprises 11 chapters, beginning with an introductory chapter discussing the literature surrounding the topic, its historical development, and the problem of local climate modification. The second chapter presents an assessment of the urban atmosphere on a synoptic and local scale, and examines the observational procedures involved. The following chapters then go on to discuss urban air composition; urban energy fluxes; the urban heat island; the urban wind field; models of urban temperature and wind fields; moisture, clouds, and hydrometeors; urban hydrology; special aspects of urban climate; and finally, urban planning. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of meteorology, urban planning, and urban climatology. |
Contents
1 | |
17 | |
23 | |
Chapter 4 Urban Energy Fluxes | 53 |
Chapter 5 The Urban Heat Island | 83 |
Chapter 6 The Urban Wind Field | 127 |
Chapter 7 Models of Urban Temperature and Wind Fields | 153 |
Chapter 8 Moisture Clouds and Hydrometeors | 177 |
Chapter 9 Urban Hydrology | 211 |
Chapter 10 Special Aspects of Urban Climate | 223 |
Chapter 11 Urban Planning | 255 |
263 | |
271 | |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
aerosol air pollution airport albedo annual anthropogenic Appl Atmos ATu-r average Bornstein Boundary Layer Meteorol Changnon Climate of London climatological cloud coefficient Conf cooling daytime developed elements emission energy factor flux frequency geostrophic wind higher increase industrial influence interval inversion land Landsberg lapse rate London Louis Maryland maximum measurements meteorological METROMEX metropolitan mixing height night nocturnal notable noted nuclei observations Park particulates percent pollutant concentration potential temperature precipitation radiative RADIOSONDE rain rainfall relation runoff rural area season showed shown in Fig shown in Table snow snowfall solar radiation stability storm summer surface temperature synoptic tetroon tion town turbulent Univ upwind urban air urban areas urban atmosphere urban climate urban heat island urban-rural values Washington weather wind speed winter WMO Tech x X x xxx xxx xxxx York City