The Science of Logic, Volume 1 |
Common terms and phrases
abstract actual agencies alternative analogy analysis antecedent applied argument Aristotle assent assumption axioms belief called causal causal connexion circumstances combination conceive conception conclusion concrete deductive deductive reasoning demonstration discover discovery effect efficient cause enthymeme enumeration enumerative induction error established event evidence example existence explain facts fallacy formal Hence human hypothesis ibid ignoratio elenchi inference influence instances intellectual investigation involved J. S. Mill JOSEPH judgment knowledge latter laws Logic logicians mathematical means MELLONE mental merely metaphysical method of agreement method of difference Mill mind monism motion necessary necessity object observation occur particular pheno phenomena phenomenon philosophy physical possible premisses principle probability produce proof proposition prove question rational reality reason regard relations Scholastic Scholasticism scientific scientist self-evident sense experience simple sufficient supposition syllogism term theism theory things thought tion true truth ultimate uniformity of nature universal verified WELTON
Popular passages
Page 306 - No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness. This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good : that each person's happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness...
Page 307 - The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible, is that people actually see it. The only proof that a sound is audible, is that people hear it : and so of the other sources of our experience. In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.
Page 174 - If two or more instances of the phenomenon under investigation have only one circumstance in common, the circumstance in which alone all the instances agree is the cause (or effect) of the given phenomenon.
Page 186 - Whatever phenomenon varies in any manner, whenever another phenomenon varies in some particular manner, is either a cause or an effect of that phenomenon, or is connected with it through some fact of causation.
Page 290 - In a given state of society, a certain number of persons must put an end to their own life. This is the general law; and the special question as to who shall commit the crime depends of course upon special laws; which, however, in their total action, must obey the large social law to which they are subordinate.
Page 181 - If tWO or more instances in which the phenomenon occurs have only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in which it does not occur have nothing in common save the absence of that circumstance, the circumstances in which alone the two sets of instances differ is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.
Page 77 - This is what writers mean when they say that the notion of cause involves the idea of necessity. If there be any meaning which confessedly belongs to the term necessity, it is unconditionalness. That which is necessary, that which must be, means that which will be, whatever supposition we may make in regard to all other things.
Page 181 - ... observe, in this only, that they either radiate heat rapidly or conduct it slowly : qualities between which there is no other circumstance of agreement, than that by virtue of either, the body tends to lose heat from the surface more rapidly than it can be restored from within. The instances, on the contrary, in which no dew, or but a small quantity of it, is formed, and which are also extremely various, agree (as far as we can observe) in nothing except in not having this same property.
Page 76 - The cause, then, philosophically speaking, is the sum total of the conditions, positive and negative taken together; the whole of the contingencies of every description, which being realized, the consequent invariably follows.
Page 337 - These institutions strengthen, perpetuate, and reproduce the character out of which they grew, aud so on in succession, each new effect becoming, in its turn, a new cause. Thus-, a brave, energetic, restless nation, exposed to attack from neighbours...