Determinants of Gross Human Rights Violations by State and State Sponsored Actors in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina: 1960 - 1990

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Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Jul 27, 1999 - Political Science - 868 pages
This book deals with the gross human rights violations that characterized the military repression in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay from the 1960s to the 1980s. Dr Wolfgang Heinz, the author of three of the four case studies is a German scholar. The second author, Dr Hugo Frühling, is a Chilean researcher. Both are renowned human rights specialists who have done in-depth research on the causes of gross human rights violations in these countries. They have interviewed generals and officers directly involved in the repression. They have unearthed secret documents and, building on existing scholarship, they have managed to draw a unique picture of the mechanisms of repressive domestic social control. They have investigated international factors as well as the dynamics of the interaction between guerrilleros and urban terrorists on the one hand, and the military, the police forces and the death squads on the other. The result is a comprehensive volume, broad and comparative in scope, and written with clinical detachment but also with humanitarian sympathy for the victims of repression.
 

Contents

1
7
Summary and Conclusions
10
Repression and Liberalization Cycles 19641982
14
Economic Decline Political Crisis and the Coup
19
3
26
The First Ten Years
33
Economic Policies
50
5
55
Distribution of Violent Incidents by Type and Year 19601970
418
19601970
425
5
427
8
432
The Government of Augusto Pinochet
455
Productivity and Labor Costs in the Industrial Sector
461
Political Repression during the First Phase of the Military Regime
465
19731989
467

6
58
7
67
X
70
Torture Allegations by State
73
Age of Torture Victims
80
Police and Intelligence Services
93
Disappareances by political group or other characteristics
102
The Armed Forces
135
Social Background of the Brazilian Military 19751977
137
Figures
164
The Long Transition and the New Democracy
177
1
184
5
190
Conclusions
203
in Uruguay 19601990 Wolfgang Heinz
219
Economic Decline and Political Crisis in the 1960s
233
3
255
4
283
Increase of Posts in the Ministry of the Interior 19701978
310
Intelligence Organizations
323
2
327
Size of the Armed Forces and Defense Expenditures as a Percent of GDP 1975
330
Distribution of Military Commands
332
Antecedents of Growing Politization
333
7
339
The Doctrine of National Security
346
4
357
8
375
New Institutions
382
in Chile 19601990 Hugo Frühling
389
2
397
Figures
401
3
407
1
411
234567
412
1973
488
The Repressive Apparatus
490
19741977
491
19741977
492
19741977
493
19741988
494
State and Statesponsored Actors
499
US Assistance to Chile in million US dollars
521
Repression during the Second Phase of the Military Regime 19781989
531
19761989
538
Distribution of Terrorist Incidents According to Organization to which the Action was Attributed by Year
539
Denunciations of Intimidating Threats Filed with the Vicariate of Solidarity
551
19781982
552
19781982
553
19831989
554
19731989
555
Distribution of the Victims of Excessive Use of Force According to Circumstances surrounding Death and Year 19831989
556
Comparison of Age Distribution in each of the Phases
557
The Policy on Human Rights during the Democratic Transition Period
559
Structure of the DINA 508
591
in Argentina 19761983 Wolfgang Heinz
593
Internal and External Security in the 1960s and a New Doctrine on Revo
613
Political and Economic Crisis 197376
635
The Process of National Reorganization
645
Bibliography
650
Target Sectors of GHRV
653
The Role of the Armed Forces and the Police
671
Transition and Democracy
717
Gross Human Rights Violations in Argentina
725
Bibliography
739
List of Interviews by Wolfgang Heinz for the Study on Uruguay selection
826
Assessment of Politicians 1969
850
6
856
8
862
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