Determinants of Gross Human Rights Violations by State and State Sponsored Actors in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina: 1960 - 1990This book deals with the gross human rights violations that characterized the military repression in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay from the 1960s to the 1980s. Dr Wolfgang Heinz, the author of three of the four case studies is a German scholar. The second author, Dr Hugo Frühling, is a Chilean researcher. Both are renowned human rights specialists who have done in-depth research on the causes of gross human rights violations in these countries. They have interviewed generals and officers directly involved in the repression. They have unearthed secret documents and, building on existing scholarship, they have managed to draw a unique picture of the mechanisms of repressive domestic social control. They have investigated international factors as well as the dynamics of the interaction between guerrilleros and urban terrorists on the one hand, and the military, the police forces and the death squads on the other. The result is a comprehensive volume, broad and comparative in scope, and written with clinical detachment but also with humanitarian sympathy for the victims of repression. |
Contents
1 | 7 |
Summary and Conclusions | 10 |
Repression and Liberalization Cycles 19641982 | 14 |
Economic Decline Political Crisis and the Coup | 19 |
3 | 26 |
The First Ten Years | 33 |
Economic Policies | 50 |
5 | 55 |
Distribution of Violent Incidents by Type and Year 19601970 | 418 |
19601970 | 425 |
5 | 427 |
8 | 432 |
The Government of Augusto Pinochet | 455 |
Productivity and Labor Costs in the Industrial Sector | 461 |
Political Repression during the First Phase of the Military Regime | 465 |
19731989 | 467 |
6 | 58 |
7 | 67 |
X | 70 |
Torture Allegations by State | 73 |
Age of Torture Victims | 80 |
Police and Intelligence Services | 93 |
Disappareances by political group or other characteristics | 102 |
The Armed Forces | 135 |
Social Background of the Brazilian Military 19751977 | 137 |
Figures | 164 |
The Long Transition and the New Democracy | 177 |
1 | 184 |
5 | 190 |
Conclusions | 203 |
in Uruguay 19601990 Wolfgang Heinz | 219 |
Economic Decline and Political Crisis in the 1960s | 233 |
3 | 255 |
4 | 283 |
Increase of Posts in the Ministry of the Interior 19701978 | 310 |
Intelligence Organizations | 323 |
2 | 327 |
Size of the Armed Forces and Defense Expenditures as a Percent of GDP 1975 | 330 |
Distribution of Military Commands | 332 |
Antecedents of Growing Politization | 333 |
7 | 339 |
The Doctrine of National Security | 346 |
4 | 357 |
8 | 375 |
New Institutions | 382 |
in Chile 19601990 Hugo Frühling | 389 |
2 | 397 |
Figures | 401 |
3 | 407 |
1 | 411 |
234567 | 412 |
1973 | 488 |
The Repressive Apparatus | 490 |
19741977 | 491 |
19741977 | 492 |
19741977 | 493 |
19741988 | 494 |
State and Statesponsored Actors | 499 |
US Assistance to Chile in million US dollars | 521 |
Repression during the Second Phase of the Military Regime 19781989 | 531 |
19761989 | 538 |
Distribution of Terrorist Incidents According to Organization to which the Action was Attributed by Year | 539 |
Denunciations of Intimidating Threats Filed with the Vicariate of Solidarity | 551 |
19781982 | 552 |
19781982 | 553 |
19831989 | 554 |
19731989 | 555 |
Distribution of the Victims of Excessive Use of Force According to Circumstances surrounding Death and Year 19831989 | 556 |
Comparison of Age Distribution in each of the Phases | 557 |
The Policy on Human Rights during the Democratic Transition Period | 559 |
Structure of the DINA 508 | 591 |
in Argentina 19761983 Wolfgang Heinz | 593 |
Internal and External Security in the 1960s and a New Doctrine on Revo | 613 |
Political and Economic Crisis 197376 | 635 |
The Process of National Reorganization | 645 |
Bibliography | 650 |
Target Sectors of GHRV | 653 |
The Role of the Armed Forces and the Police | 671 |
Transition and Democracy | 717 |
Gross Human Rights Violations in Argentina | 725 |
739 | |
List of Interviews by Wolfgang Heinz for the Study on Uruguay selection | 826 |
850 | |
856 | |
862 | |
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Common terms and phrases
action activities air force Allende Amnesty International Argentina armed forces army assassination Brazil Brazilian Carabineros Chile Chilean cited civilian communist Congress constitution coup coup d'état Court crimes crisis death squads Defense democracy democratic detained disappearances doctrine documents DOI-CODI economic elections executions extrajudicial executions federal police foreign GHRV Goulart guerrilla groups high command human rights violations Ibid ideological important Institutional Act intelligence internal security interrogation interview investigation Jornal do Brasil Junta killed leaders military government military officers military regime Minister Montevideo Montoneros movement national security national security doctrine navy operations opposition organizations parties Paulo percent Peronist politicians president prisoners Public Safety Advisor Public Safety Latin Record Group 286 repression responsible revolutionary Rio de Janeiro role Safety Latin America São Paulo sectors Skidmore social strategy subversion terrorist threat tion torture Tupamaros unions United Uruguay Uruguayan Veja victims violence
References to this book
Memory, Allegory, and Testimony in South American Theater: Upstaging ... Ana Elena Puga No preview available - 2008 |