The City As a Sacred Center: Essays on Six Asian Contexts

Altar ancient Anuradhapura architectural Asia Asian Studies Aśoka associated axial Banaras Bardwell bhikkhus Bodhi Tree Brahmanical Buddha Buddhist built Burma Burmese capital city cardinal directions central ceremonial center ceremonial complex Ceylon Chiang Chinese chronicles Cilappatikāram Cittirai cosmology cosmos Culavamsa culture deities Dhamma divine dynasty earth east economic emperor essay established festival four gates Goddess gods Haripuñjaya Heaven ideology imperial important Indra Jambudīpa kingdom kingship legitimation lokapālas Madurai Mahāvamsa Mahinda maṇḍala medieval Mīņākṣi Ming monarchs moral myth northern Thai northern Thailand palace Pāli Pandyan king Parākramabāhu Peking Phra political Polonnaruva Polonnaruva period reign relics Religion religious rite ritual royal rule ruler sacrality sacred center sacred city sacred geometry sacred space Sakka Sangam Sangha Shiva shrine Sinhalese Śiva social society South India Sri Lanka streets structure symbolic Tamil temple Thailand Theravada throne tion Tirumala traditional University Vijayabāhu walls Wheatley