Ecological Aspects for Application of Genetically Modified MosquitoesW. Takken, T.W. Scott New interventions are needed to reduce the burden of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengué, which are among the most serious and prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. The release of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes may offer an alternative strategy to do so while circumventing the pitfalls of current vector control methods. Current methodologies are stalling because of drug resistance, absence of vaccines and inadequate mosquito control techniques. GM mosquitoes have been developed that are resistant to pathogen infection and transmission, but the public-health and environmental consequences of releasing such insects are unclear, mainly because of a lack of knowledge of the ecology and population biology of mosquitoes. This book is the reflection of a workshop, held in June 2002, that addressed these issues. Experts on mosquito ecology met for the first time to discuss the current knowledge of mosquito ecology with respect to GM-insect technology. Emphasis of the workshop was on evaluating how human health and natural ecosystems, including target wild-mosquito populations, will respond to the invasion of GM vectors. This volume will stimulate discussion by clearly showing the importance of vector ecology for prevention of vector-borne diseases. |
Contents
An introduction to ecological challenges concerning the use of geneticallymodified mosquitoes for disease control | 9 |
GENETIC CONTROL OF MOSQUITOBORNE DISEASES | 13 |
Transgenic mosquitoes the state of the art | 15 |
Lessons from the past an overview of studies by the University of Maryland and the University of California Berkeley | 25 |
Geneticcontrol trials and the ecology of Aedes aegypti at the Kenya coast | 33 |
MOSQUITO ECOLOGY | 45 |
May the force be with you measuring mosquito fitness in the field | 47 |
Fitness advantages in multiple bloodfeeding the Aedes aegypti example | 63 |
VECTORS PARASITES AND PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION | 147 |
Environmental constraints on the physiology of transgenic mosquitoes | 149 |
Evolution of parasite virulence to vectors | 163 |
On the evolutionary ecology of mosquito immunity and the use of transgenic mosquitoes for malaria control | 173 |
Aedes aegypti density and the risk of denguevirus transmission | 187 |
CONSEQUENCES OF GMM RELEASE | 207 |
Release ratios employed for genetically modifying populations of mosquitoes | 209 |
Biosafcty and risk assessment in the use of genetically modified mosquitoes for disease control | 217 |
Factors affecting the vectorial competence of Anopheles gambiae a question of scale | 75 |
Contained semifield environments for ecological studies on transgenic African malaria vectors benefits and constraints | 91 |
POPULATION GENETICS | 107 |
Gene flow among populations of Anopheles gantbiae a critical review | 109 |
Effective population size in relation to genetic modification of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto | 133 |
Measuring publichealth outcomes of release of transgenic mosquitoes | 223 |
Discussion Ecological challenges concerning the use of genetically modified mosquitoes for disease control synthesis and future perspectives | 235 |
List of participants | 243 |
Other editions - View all
Ecological Aspects for Application of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes W. Takken,T.W. Scott No preview available - 2003 |
Ecological Aspects for Application of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes W. Takken,T.W. Scott No preview available - 2003 |
Common terms and phrases
adult Aedes aegypti Anopheles gambiae Anopheles gambiae complex Anopheles stephensi anopheline arabiensis areas Banambani behaviour blood-feeding Boëte Bulletin of Entomological Catteruccia Charlwood chromosomal forms Coluzzi Culex Culicidae dengue Diptera disease ecology Edman effective eggs Entomological Research environment environmental estimates feeding females field force of mortality frequency gene flow genetic manipulation genetic-control genetically modified mosquitoes genome genotype host immune response Insect Molecular Biology inversion Journal of Medical Journal of Tropical Kenya Knols Koella laboratory larval malaria control malaria mosquito malaria parasites malaria vectors males mating Medical and Veterinary Medical Entomology Medicine and Hygiene microsatellite Mopti mortality mosquito populations parasite pathogen Petrarca Plasmodium falciparum population structure reduce refractoriness genes Reisen risk sample Scott semi-field spatial species sterile strategies studies survival Takken Tanzania target Touré transgenic mosquitoes translocation transposable element transposon Trends in Parasitology Tropical Medicine vector vector population Veterinary Entomology village virulence virus West Africa