Phylogenetic Relationships within Heliodinidae and Systematics of Moths Formerly Assigned to Heliodines Stainton (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea): Yponomeutoidea)Heliodinids are tiny, brightly colored dayflying moths. Phylogenetic relationships among genera of Heliodinidae are proposed using parsimony and character compatibility. We describe and illustrate 45 North and Central species (25 newly named) assigned to five genera (two new, two exhumed from synonymy). Larval host plants are recorded for 33 species (14 newly discovered), about 45% of the known fauna; 90% of these are specialists on Caryophyllales, primarliy Nyctaginaceae. |
Contents
8 | |
9 | |
10 | |
11 | |
14 | |
15 | |
RESULTS OF PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES | 21 |
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT | 29 |
Heliogemma preclara Hsu new species Figs 16 131200 | 79 |
PSEUDASTASIA Walsingham Figs 34 87 197 | 80 |
KEY TO SPECIES OF Euheliodines | 81 |
Euheliodines jaliscella Hsu new species Fig 17 89 202 | 83 |
AETOLE Chambers revised status | 84 |
Eximia Group Figs 18 3649 9091 133 203204 | 85 |
Aetole eximia Hsu new species Figs 18 3649 90 133 203 | 86 |
Aetole insolita Hsu new species Figs 1891204 | 88 |
KEY TO THE GENERA OF HELIODINIDAE AND SPECIES GROUPS OF AETOLE | 31 |
Heliodines assemblage | 33 |
Heliodines roesella Linnaeus Figs 72659 108 173 | 34 |
EPICROESA Meyrick Figs 27 60 109 | 37 |
Lamprolophus assemblage | 38 |
Heliodines princeps Meyrick Figs 63 112 175 | 39 |
Lithariapteryx subassemblage | 40 |
KEY TO SPECIES OF Neoheliodines | 42 |
Neoheliodines eurypterus Hsu new species Figs 8 66 115 178 | 45 |
Neoheliodines megostiellus Hsu new species Figs 968 117 180 | 48 |
Neoheliodines melanobasilarus Hsu new species Figs 969 118 181 | 49 |
Neoheliodines vernius Hsu new species Figs 10 70 119 152154 157 163 182 | 50 |
Neoheliodines cliffordi Harrison and Passoa new combination Figs 1171 120183 | 53 |
Neoheliodines arizonense Hsu new species Figs 1172121 184 | 55 |
Neoheliodines albidentus Hsu new species Figs 1073 185 | 57 |
Aetole subassemblage | 58 |
KEY TO SPECIES OF Embola OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA | 60 |
Embola ionis Clarke new combination Figs 12 32 74 122 186 | 61 |
Embola ciccella Barnes and Busck new combination Figs 1375 123 161162 187 | 63 |
Embola cyanozostera Hsu new species Figs 144476 124 188 | 65 |
Embola albaciliella Busck new combination Figs 1477 189 | 66 |
Embolafriedlanderi Hsu new species Figs 1578125190 | 68 |
Embola melanotela Hsu new species Figs 1580127191 | 69 |
Embola autumnalis Hsu new species Fig 1581192 | 70 |
Embola sexpunctella Walsingham new combination Figs 82 193 | 71 |
Embola dentifer Walsingham Figs 13 83194 | 72 |
Embola powelli Hsu Figs 14 84 128 167 170 195 | 73 |
Embola xanthocephala Walsingham Figs 13 85 196 | 75 |
HELIOGEMMA Hsu new genus Figs 16 33 86 129131 8789 | 76 |
Heliogemma gigantea Hsu new species Figs 16 33 86 129 198 | 77 |
Heliogemma grandis Hsu new species Figs 16130 199 | 78 |
Bella Group Figs 1921 374748 9295 134137 205208 | 89 |
Aetole bella Chambers revised combination Figs 19374792134205 | 90 |
Aetole schulzella Fabricius new combination Figs 2093 135206 | 95 |
Aetole fulgida Hsu new species Figs 20 94 136 165 171 207 | 97 |
Aetole prenticei Hsu new species Figs 214895 137159208 | 98 |
Tripunctella Group Figs 2223 38 5154 96100 138142 209214 | 101 |
Aetole tripunctella Walsingham new combination Figs 22 385196 138209 | 103 |
Aetole unipunctella Walsingham new combination Figs 235297 139 172210 | 105 |
Aetole inusitata Hsu new species Figs 140211 | 109 |
Aetole aprica Hsu new species Figs 98 212 | 110 |
Aetole favonia Hsu new species Figs 2254 100 142214 | 112 |
Extraneella Group Figs 24 39 50 101 143 150 152 215 | 113 |
Aetole extraneella Walsingham new combination Figs 24 39 50 101 143 150 152 215 | 114 |
Calcifer Group Figs 2540 55 102103 144145 216217 | 118 |
Aetole calcifer Walsingham new combination Figs 25 40 55 102 144 216 | 119 |
Aetole calciferoides Hsu new species Figs 25 103 145 217 | 121 |
Galapagoensis Group Figs 4156 104 146218 | 123 |
Aetole galapagoensis Heppner and B Landry New combination Figs 4156 104 146 218 | 124 |
COPOCENTRA Meyrick Figs 43 105 148219 | 125 |
SCELORTHUS Busck Figs 4246 106 147 155 160 166 169 220 | 126 |
Heliodines marginata Walsingham Fig 107 | 127 |
Heliodines urichi Busck Fig 149 | 128 |
BIOLOGY | 129 |
I | 131 |
II | 132 |
III | 133 |
SUMMARY | 135 |
IV | 136 |
LITERATURE CITED | 150 |
Figures 26220 | 161 |
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Common terms and phrases
Abdomen aedeagus Aetole apophyses anteriores Baja California Sur band basal bella BMNH bridge of apophyses bursae Busck Caryophyllales character Chemsak chrome orange coremata Cornuti corpus bursae costal cream-white described for male distal end distal tip drawn from EME ductus bursae elongate Embola EME slide emgd Epicroesa extraneella female Forewing Fringe metallic gray FW length Genitalia GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Harrison and Passoa Heliodinidae Heliogemma Heppner Hindwing holotype Inner medial spur Labial palpus Lamprolophus larvae larval host Legs metallic gray Lepidoptera Lithariapteryx lobes longer than outer longer than tegumen metallic black Metallic chrome orange metallic dark gray metallic gray metallic gray spots metallic pale Mexico Meyrick Mirabilis Mirabilis nyctaginea moths Neoheliodines Nyctaginaceae outer margin outgroups palpus paratypes Phallus pleura posterior end Powell reared Saccus approximately Scaling behind eyes Scelorthus Signum Socii specimens spur of metatibia synapomorphy tegumen length tergum Thorax tripunctella TYPE MATERIAL USNM Valva veins Ventral bridge Walsingham Yponomeutoidea
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