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Common terms and phrasesalternating current apparatus atom axis bismuth bolometer calculated cathode centim centre charge circuit coil collisions component condenser condensing-plates constant corresponding Cremieu crystal curve deflexion density diameter dielectric direction discharge disk distance ebonite effect electric electrodes electrometer electromotive force equal equation equilibrium ether experiments field force formula freezing-point frequency galvanometer gases given gives harmonic heat Hence hydrogen investigation ionization J. J. Thomson Joule-Thomson effect kilometres kilometres per second kinetic energy kinetic theory length lines liquid magnetic manganin means measured metal method millimetre molecules motion needle observed obtained paper particle period Phil plane plate positive potential pressure produced Prof radius ratio reaction resistance reversed rotation sectors shown solid solution spectra spectrum spheres suppose surface Table temperature theory thermometer tube upper velocity vibration volts volume Voss machine wave-length wire zero Popular passagesPage 50 - For the equilibrium of any isolated system it is necessary and sufficient that in all possible variations of the state of the system which do not alter its entropy, the variation of its energy shall either vanish or be positive. Page 162 - What is the absolute density of the luminiferous ether in any part of space ? I am not aware of any attempt having hitherto been made to answer this question, and the present state of science does not in fact afford sufficient data. It has, however, occurred to me that we may assign an inferior limit to the density of the luminiferous medium in interplanetary space by considering the mechanical value of sunlight as deduced in preceding communications to the Royal Society [Art. Page 164 - ... light, the only case in which the velocities of all particles are constant and the same, we may define the mean velocity of vibration in any case as such a velocity that the product of its square into the mass of the vibrating particles is equal to the whole mechanical value, in kinetic and potential energy, of the... Page 165 - ... and potential energy, of the disturbance in a certain space traversed by it ; and from all we know of the mechanical theory of undulations, it seems certain that this velocity must be a very small fraction of the velocity of propagation in the most intense light or radiant heat which is propagated according to known laws. Denoting this velocity for the case of sunlight at the earth's distance from the sun by v, and calling W the mass in... Page 5 - By watching carefully the pattern of ripples and waves, which connected the ripples in front with the waves in rear, I had seen that it included a set of parallel waves slanting off obliquely on each side, and presenting appearances which proved them to be waves of the critical length and corresponding minimum speed of propagation. Page 8 - Two systems of particles move in the same vessel; to prove " that the mean vis viva of each particle will become the same Page 284 - ... of the sound persisting in one ear after excitation had ceased with a second sound falling upon the other ear was, in fact, observed by SP Thompson in 1881. The existence of such binaural beats as are under consideration was noted as early as 1874 by Mach, who assumed that the sound was conducted from one ear to the other through the bones of the head. SP Thompson has studied the subject very carefully... Page 166 - See Phil. Mag. Aug. 1900, pp. 181 — 198. Molar. §9. I wish to make a short calculation to show how much compressing force is exerted upon the luminiferous ether by the sun's attraction. We are accustomed to call ether imponderable. How do we know it is imponderable ? If we had never dealt with air except by our senses, air would be imponderable to us ; but we know by experiment that a vacuous glass globe shows an increase of weight when air is allowed to flow into it. We have not the slightest... Page 425 - ... the negative ions each carrying a charge of electricity of amount —e, and the positive ions each carrying a charge + e. The conception of an atom which we are tempted to adopt at first sight, is that of a collection of point charges of positive and negative electricity, these charges repelling or attracting according to the law of the inverse square of the distance. These point charges would be supposed to settle into a position of stable equilibrium, and the oscillations about this position... Page 40 - Even if we regard the atoms as mere points, whose "rotation means nothing, there must still exist energy of the " last-mentioned kind, and its amount (according to law) should " not be inferior. " We are here brought face to face with a fundamental difficulty, " relating not to the theory of gases merely, but rather to general " dynamics. In most questions of dynamics, a condition whose " violation involves a large amount of potential energy may be "treated as a constraint. It is on this principle... |