Ecophysiology of Spiders

acidic activity adult Aitchison ampullate glands animals arachnids Araneidae araneids araneomorphs Araneus Argiope Argyrodes arthropods behaviour body book lungs capture threads Carrel cells chelicerate color courtship cribellar cribellate cribellum Cupiennius cuticle cuticular cycle diapause ecdysis ecdysteroids egg sac epicuticle feeding females Filistata fluid foraging function Geolycosa habitats haemocyanin haemolymph heart rate hormone host Humphreys increase insects instar intermoult J.F. Anderson juvenile Kirchner Kovoor larvae Latrodectus layer linyphiids Lopez Lycosa Lycosidae M.H. Robinson major ampullate males Maretić mermithid metabolic rate moulting Nentwig nest Nørgaard observed Ogcodes opisthosoma Pardosa pheromones Phidippus physiological predators prey produced prosoma protein Pulz rate in spiders respiratory Robinson and B.C. Salticidae salticids Schaefer 1976a secretion secretory silk glands sperm spermatophore spider species spinnerets stabilimenta Stewart and Martin structure studied Tegenaria temperature theraphosids theridiid thermal tion tracheae uloborids unpubl venom Vollrath volume wasps water loss webs winter winter-active wolf spider