The Nature of Parasitism: The Relationship of Some Metazoan Parasites to Their Hosts

Acanthocephala adaptations adult aerobic alimentary canal Amer amino acids animals Ascaridia galli Ascaris lumbricoides Biochem Biol Brand Bueding carbohydrate carbon dioxide cells cestodes changes chitin Chitwood chloride components concentration cuticle cycle digestive effect egg-shell eggs of Ascaris environment enzymes Eustrongylides evolution of parasitism excreted Excyst factors Fairbairn Fasciola hepatica formed free-living stages glucose glycogen haemoglobin Haemonchus contortus hatching of eggs Helminth Heterodera Hymenolepis increased infective agents infective larvae infective stage intestine larvae larval stages layer lipid Lond mechanism medium membrane metabolism metazoan metazoan parasites Monné and Hönig moulting nematode parasites nematodes Nippostrongylus muris nutrients occur oxidative oxygen Parascaris equorum parasites parasitic nematodes parasitic platyhelminths Parasitology physiology platyhelminths pressure primary egg envelope Proc process of infection produced protein range of hosts reproduction respiration Rogers Schistosoma mansoni shell sodium stimulus substances survival tion tissues trematodes Trichinella spiralis Trichostrongylus vertebrates vitro vivo worms