A Primer of Orthopaedic Biomechanics

acting action activity angle applied axis behavior bending body weight bone calculated cause cell charge component compression considered curve cycle defined deformation described determined develop direction displacement distance effect elastic electrical electrons element energy equal equilibrium example exist extension factor failure field fixation flexion flow fluid follows fracture friction function gait given higher important increases initial joint force knee length less lever limb limited linear load lower material maximum measured mechanical ment metal modulus moments motion move muscle force nail normal object occurs original orthopaedic parallel percent plane plastic plate position potential pressure problem produce properties range reaction reduced relatively represents resistance result rigidity rotation screw segment shear shown side stance strain strength stress structure surface tend tension tion tissues unit varies vector voltage