Basic Civil Engineering

alidade alumina angle bars burning calcium carbon cement concrete cement mortar centre chain chemical clay clinker coarse aggregate colour compacted compass compressive strength construction contour cracks difference in elevation distance dumpy level durable eye-piece fineness modulus footing glass grading ground gypsum hard hardening heat Hence horizontal hydration increase Indian Standard instrument iron kiln known layer length lime stone line of sight load magnetic magnetic bearing manufacture masonry mass measured method metres moisture content moulding N/mm² obtained offset ordinary Portland cement oxide particles plane table pozzolana prestressed concrete quantity ranging rod reinforced resistance rocks sand stone sap wood scale screw seasoning setting shrinkage silica slab sodium soil specimen spirit level staff reading station steel stresses structure suitable sulphate surface survey lines tape telescope temperature tensile thermal insulation timber tree types vertical walls water cement ratio water-cement ratio weight workability