Biochemistry of Antimicrobial Action

50S subunit 70S ribosomes actinomycin action amino acid aminoacyl-tRNA aminoglycosides analogues antibacterial agents antibiotics antimicrobial antimicrobial agents antiseptics bacteria bacterial cells base-pairs binding biochemical cell wall cephalosporins CH2OH chemical chloramphenicol chromosomal clinical complex compounds concentrations conjugation COOH covalently cross-linking cycloserine cytoplasmic membrane D-alanine dihydrofolate DNA polymerase DNA synthesis drug resistance effect enzyme ergosterol erythromycin Escherichia coli eukaryotic Figure function fungal fungi genes genetic Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive Gram-positive bacteria H CH3 hydrophobic infections inhibition inhibitor interaction intercalation ions isolated lipid mammalian mechanism metabolism micro-organisms microbial molecular molecules mutations normal nucleic acid synthesis nucleotide organisms outer membrane penetration penicillin pentapeptide peptide bond peptidoglycan permeability phosphate plasmid polyenes polypeptide production protein biosynthesis protein synthesis puromycin R-plasmid reaction replication residues ribosomes sensitive side chain specific ẞ-lactam ẞ-lactamase Staphylococcus aureus streptomycin structure substrate sulphonamides supercoils target tetracyclines tion toxic treatment trimethoprim tRNA valinomycin viral virus