Communalism Contested: Religion, Modernity and Secularization

anti-communal anti-secularist authoritarian Ayodhya believe bourgeois Brahminism capitalism capitalist caste central character Chatterjee Christianity civil society claim colonial concept Congress consciousness consensus countries crisis critical culture and society Dalit decline definition Delhi democracy democratic discourse distinctive dominant economic electoral elite emergence existence faith fascism forces formation functionalist fundamental Gandhi Hindu communalism Hindu nationalism Hinduism Hindutva human ideology important Indian politics Indian secularism Indian society institutionalization Islam issue Jan Sangh Janata Janata Dal Madan major Marxist mass meaning modernity movement Muslim Nandy nationalist notion of secularism organization paradigm party perspective pluralism political Hindutva popular practice Pradesh pre-modern principle problem relationship religion religious identity religious systems role Sangh Combine secularist sense social Social Democracy socialist specific strategy structure struggle Subaltern Studies symbols term terrain theoretical theory thesis third world tion tolerance tradition understanding Uttar Pradesh V.P. Singh values Western