Computational Linguistics: An IntroductionIn spite of the rapid growth of interest in the computer analysis of language, this book provides an integrated introduction to the field. Inevitably, when many different approaches are still being considered, a straightforward work of synthesis would be neither possible nor practicable. Nevertheless, Ralph Grishman provides a valuable survey of various approaches to the problems of syntax analysis, semantic analysis, text analysis and natural language generation, while considering in greater detail those that seem to him most productive. The book is written for readers with some background in computer science and finite mathematics, but advanced knowledge of programming languages or compilers is not necessary and nor is a background in linguistics. The exposition is always clear and students will find the exercises and extensive bibliography supporting the text particularly helpful. |
Contents
What is computational linguistics? | 4 |
12 Computational and theoretical linguistics | 6 |
13 Computational linguistics as engineering | 7 |
14 The structure of this survey a tree diagram | 8 |
Syntax analysis | 10 |
22 Is syntax analysis necessary? | 11 |
23 Phrasestructure languages | 12 |
contextfree parsers | 22 |
35 Anaphora resolution | 124 |
36 Analyzing sentence fragments | 134 |
37 Using the logical form | 138 |
Discourse analysis and information structuring | 140 |
41 Text grammar | 141 |
42 Organizing world knowledge | 142 |
43 Frames | 143 |
scripts and plans | 145 |
first systems | 34 |
26 Augmented contextfree parsers | 56 |
27 Other phrasestructure grammars | 80 |
28 Analyzing adjuncts | 84 |
29 Analyzing coordinate conjunction | 85 |
210 Parsing with probability and graded acceptability | 87 |
Semantic analysis | 90 |
31 Formal languages for meaning representation | 91 |
32 Translation to logical form | 102 |
33 Semantic constraints | 111 |
34 Conceptual analyzers | 121 |
45 Information formats | 151 |
46 Analyzing dialog | 153 |
Language generation | 159 |
52 Sentence generation | 160 |
53 Text generation | 168 |
Exercises | 172 |
Bibliography | 179 |
| 188 | |
| 190 | |
Common terms and phrases
adjuncts analyzer anaphora resolution antecedent applied argument ASSERTION ATRANS augmented context-free base component classes computational linguistics consider constituents context-free grammar context-free parsers context-sensitive grammar corresponding data base deep structure defined deletion derivation developed dialog discourse entity example formalism forward transformations frame goal grammatical constraints Grishman input John language analysis Language grammar Linguistic String logical form Mary match metarules Natural Language Processing natural language systems node noun phrase NSTG null number agreement object parse tree partial parses Petrick phrase-structure grammar predicate calculus predicate logic PRO TV procedure production PROLOG pronouns quantifier question recursive transition network restaurant restricted quantifiers Restriction Language retrieval reverse transformations rules Sager Schank script semantic analysis semantic constraints sentence sequence slots specify structural index structure trees sublanguage surface structure syntactic syntax analysis TENSE terminal symbols top-down TOVO transformational grammar translation verb word categories