Design and Retrofit of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutritient Removal, Volume 5Clifford W. Randall, James Lang Barnard, H. David Stensel This book presents information that can be used for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants that utilize biological nutrient removal processes, i.e., processes that utilize biological mechanisms instead of chemical mechanisms, to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewaters. The book provides: basic fundamentals, concepts, and theories; design of prefermentation units, various types of BNR systems, and secondary clarifiers; retrofitting conventional activated sludge plants; modeling considerations; and special considerations for BNR systems. It includes full-scale and pilot plant case histories, design examples, and retrofit of existing plants. |
Contents
PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL | 25 |
Nitrification Inhibition and Toxicity | 36 |
DESIGN OF PREFERMENTATION PROCESSES | 85 |
Return of Organic Carbon | 92 |
DESIGN OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE BIOLOGICAL | 97 |
References | 180 |
Theoretical and Practical Considerations | 186 |
Clarifier Configurations | 199 |
Process Control Strategies | 245 |
RETROFIT OF EXISTING PLANTS | 255 |
GENERAL ACTIVATED SLUDGE MODEL FOR BIOLOGICAL | 311 |
CONTROL OF BULKING AND FOAMING ORGANISMS | 335 |
History of the Bulking Sludge Problem | 342 |
SLUDGE HANDLING AND PROCESSING | 375 |
Discussion | 391 |
PILOT PLANT TESTING OF BNR SYSTEMS | 397 |
Basis of Design | 213 |
Design of Sludge TransportCollection Equipment | 225 |
Sludge Production and Oxygen Requirements | 412 |
Common terms and phrases
acetate acid activated sludge Activated Sludge Process aeration basin aerobic ammonia anaerobic digestion anaerobic mass fraction anaerobic zone anoxic zone autotrophic average bacteria biological phosphorus removal biomass BNR plant BNR system bulking sludge coefficient denitrification rate effluent Equation feedwell fermentation filamentous floc foam full-scale g cell growth of heterotrophs heterotrophs IAWPRC increase influent wastewater kg/d kinetics loading m/hr mass fraction mg/L mixed liquor mL/g MLSS nitrate nitrate nitrogen nitrification nitrifying bacteria Nitrobacter nitrogen removal Nitrosomonas Nocardia oxidation ditch phosphate removal phosphorus concentration pilot plant polyP organisms primary clarifiers primary sludge ratio reactor recycle reduced release retrofit SCFA scraper SDNR secondary clarifiers selector sequencing batch reactor settling shown in Figure sludge blanket solids soluble specific growth rate substrate Table temperatures thickener tion underflow uptake volume wastewater treatment Water WWTP York River