Digital Control Systems

analog analysis applied approximation assume becomes bits block diagram called characteristic equation closed-loop system completely condition Consider constant contain continuous-data system corresponding defined described determined difference digital control system digital system discrete dynamic effect eigenvalues elements equal error Example expression feedback Figure Find frequency gain given gives hold illustrated initial input instruction integral last equation linear loci margin matrix means method observer obtained open-loop operation optimal output P₁ parameters path performance phase plot poles positive problem quantization realizable reference relation represented response result root sampled-data sampler sampling instants sampling period shown in Fig shows sides signal simple solution solved stability step Substitution Theorem tion transfer function transform transition unit circle unit-step values variables written z-plane z-transform zero