Duricrusts in Tropical and Subtropical Landscapes

accumulation aeolian Aitchinson associated basalt Basin bauxite bedrock Botswana CaCO3 calcareous calcium carbonate calcrete calcrete areas calcrete distribution calcrete formation caliche capillary rise caprock cemented chemical clay climatic croûte zonaire crust Cyprus deposits depressions depth Desert drainage duricrust formation duricrust types duricrusts Dury dust erosion Etosha Etosha Pan evaporation ferricrete ferruginous Geological Society Geological Survey geomorphic granite ground-water hardened hardpan High Plains India indurated iron kafkalla Kalahari Kenya lacustrine Lake landscape laterite layer leaching Libya limestone Llano Estacado Mabbutt major material Mexico minerals Molopo Netterberg Nigeria nodular nodules northern Ogallala pallid zone pisolitic Plateau Pleistocene quartz quartzite rainfall relationship Reynosa rivers rock types samples sand sandstone schist sediments shales silcrete silica silicified SiO2 slope Soil Science solution South Africa South West Africa southern Africa surface Table Texas thick tropical valley vegetation water-table weathering Western Australia whilst Woolnough