Electronics and Instrumentation for Scientists

amplitude analog applications basic binary capacitance capacitor carrier carrier wave characteristics charge circuit of figure clock collector common comparator connected constant converter counter data domains decoder demodulation device difference diode domain electrical electrons equation error feedback flip-flop frequency function gain impedance input signal input voltage integrated circuit interface inverting JFET latch load lock-in amplifier logic level loop low pass filter maximum measurement meter microprocessor mode modulation multiplier noise Note null detector offset op amp open collector operational amplifier oscillator oscilloscope output voltage parallel power supply pulse R₁ range ratio RC circuit rectifier reset resistance resistor response sampling Schmitt trigger semiconductor shown in figure subroutine switch temperature tion transducers transistor trigger V₁ variable wave waveform zero ΚΩ