Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied ResearchFocus Group: A Practical Guide for Applied Research was the standard for learning how to conduct a focus group. This highly acclaimed book in its third edition includes numerous updates and improvements: - Vignettes drawn from small and large focus groups that illustrate problems that come up and effective ways to resolve the issues. - Designing questions for asking effective questions to draw out a group and how to refine them based on the group's responses. - Collaborative Approach updated to address the latest ways to implement the empowerment and action research. - Budgeting how to more effectively budget for a focus group - Coding how to more effectively use existing software packages to code and analyze the results of a focus group. |
Contents
Overview of Focus Groups | 5 |
The Focus Group Is a Special Type of Group | 6 |
The Story Behind Focus Group Interviews | 7 |
Why Do Focus Groups Work? | 9 |
Characteristics of Focus Groups | 12 |
Focus Groups Provide Qualitative Data | 13 |
Focus Groups Have a Focused Discussion | 14 |
Product or Program Development | 15 |
Mental Preparation | 104 |
PreSession Strategy | 105 |
Snacks and Meals | 106 |
Recording the Group Discussion | 107 |
Beginning the Focus Group Discussion | 109 |
Anticipating the Flow of the Discussion | 110 |
The Pause and the Probe | 111 |
Experts Dominant Talkers Shy Participants and Ramblers | 113 |
Customer Satisfaction | 17 |
Planning and Goal Setting | 18 |
Quality Movements | 19 |
Policy Making and Testing | 20 |
Planning the Focus Group Study | 23 |
Deciding If Focus Group Interviewing Is the Right Method | 25 |
When to Use Focus Group Interviews | 26 |
When Not to Use FOCMS Group Interviews | 27 |
Determining How Many Groups to Conduct | 28 |
Balancing the Design With the Resources Available | 30 |
SingleCategory Design | 32 |
MultipleCategory Design | 33 |
DoubleLayer Design | 34 |
BroadInvolvement Design | 35 |
Listening to Your Target Audience | 36 |
Developing a Written Plan | 38 |
SUMMARY | 39 |
Developing a Questioning Route | 41 |
Qualities of Good Questions | 42 |
Are Easy to Say | 43 |
Include Clear WellThoughtOut Directions | 44 |
Moves From General to Specific | 45 |
Opening Questions | 46 |
Transition Questions | 47 |
Questions That Engage Participants | 49 |
Listing Things | 50 |
Rating Items | 51 |
Choosing Among Alternatives Pilot Testing Ideas | 52 |
Picture Sort | 53 |
Using Your Imagination | 55 |
Doing Something Before the Focus Group | 57 |
The Process We Use to Develop a Questioning Route | 58 |
Step 2 Phrasing the Questions | 59 |
Step 3 Sequencing the Questions | 63 |
Step 4 Estimating Time for Questions | 65 |
Step 5 Getting Feedback From Others | 67 |
The Importance of Consistency | 68 |
SUMMARY | 69 |
Participants in a Focus Group | 71 |
The Purpose Drives the Study | 72 |
The Composition of the Group | 73 |
The Size of a Focus Group | 75 |
Strategies for Finding Participants | 77 |
On Location | 78 |
ScreeningSelection Services | 79 |
Ads or Announcements in Newspapers and Bulletin Boards | 80 |
Strategies for Selecting Participants | 81 |
Use the Resources of the Sponsoring Organization in Recruiting | 82 |
Randomly Select From Your Pool | 83 |
Users May Differ in Ways That Can Affect the Study | 84 |
Getting People to Attend Focus Groups | 86 |
1 Set the Meeting Dates Times Locations | 88 |
2 Make Personal Contacts With Potential Participants | 89 |
3 Send a Personalized FollowUp Letter | 91 |
Incentives to Participate | 92 |
SUMMARY | 95 |
Telephone Screening Questionnaire | 96 |
FollowUp Recruitment Letter | 97 |
Moderating Skills | 99 |
The Moderating Team | 103 |
Responding to Participants Comments | 114 |
Short Verbal Responses | 115 |
Responding to Participants Questions | 116 |
Be Ready for the Unexpected | 117 |
Hazardous Weather Occurs Just Hours Before the Meeting | 118 |
The Meeting Place Is Inadequate | 119 |
Participants Bring Other Adults | 120 |
The Early Questions Take Too Much Time Leaving Little Time to Ask the Final Questions | 121 |
Checklist for Focus Group Interviews | 122 |
Responsibilities of Assistant Moderators | 123 |
Tips on Using Money as an Incentive | 125 |
Analyzing Focus Group Results | 127 |
The Purpose Drives Analysis | 129 |
Understanding Analysis | 130 |
Setting the Stage for Analysis | 131 |
What Gets Used as the Basis for Analysis | 132 |
Tape Based Abridged Transcript | 133 |
Analysis Strategies | 134 |
Using the Computer to Help Manage the Data | 139 |
Rapid Approach | 140 |
Some Tips to Consider | 141 |
Beware of Personal Bias or Preexisting Opinions About the Topic | 142 |
You Are the Voice of the Participants | 143 |
Transcribing Focus Groups | 144 |
Reporting Five Principles of Reporting | 147 |
Involve People Throughout the Study | 148 |
Find What Helps You Write | 149 |
Make the Report Visually Attractive | 150 |
Eulleted Report | 152 |
Oral Reports | 153 |
Cite the Most Important Things First | 154 |
Limit Your Points | 155 |
Select the Right Reporter | 156 |
SUMMARY | 157 |
Styles of Focus Group Research | 159 |
Academic Research Approach | 161 |
PublicNonprofit Approach | 164 |
Participatory Approach | 167 |
SUMMARY | 171 |
Adapting Focus Groups to Audiences and Environments | 173 |
Focus Groups With Existing Groups and Organizations | 174 |
Focus Group Interviews With Young People | 178 |
Focus Groups With Ethnic or Minority Racial Groups | 183 |
Focus Groups With International Groups and Organizations | 185 |
SUMMARY | 187 |
Modifications of Focus Groups | 189 |
Two Moderators | 190 |
Telephone Focus Groups | 191 |
Media Focus Groups | 192 |
SUMMARY | 194 |
Answering Questions About the Quality of Focus Group Research | 197 |
Is This Scientific Research? | 200 |
How Do You Know Your Findings Arent Just Your Subjective Opinions? | 201 |
Isnt This Soft Research? | 203 |
Can You Generalize? | 205 |
Why Dont You Use Random Sampling? | 206 |
| 207 | |
| 209 | |
| 211 | |
Other editions - View all
Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research Richard A. Krueger,Mary Anne Casey No preview available - 2000 |



