Handbook of Orthodontics

abnormal activity adaptive altered alveolar analysis Angle Ann Arbor appear appliance arch base bite bone cause Center for Human cephalometric changes Chapter Class clinical complete cranial Craniofacial Growth cuspid dental dentition determined diagnosis direction early effects eruption examination example face facial factors FEMALE Figure forces functional grow Growth and Development height Human Growth important incisors increase joint lateral length loss lower MALE malocclusion mandible mandibular maxilla maxillary McNamara MEAN measures mechanisms mesial method Michigan molar move movement muscle nasal normal Note occlusal occurs oral Orthod orthodontic orthodontic treatment palate patient pattern permanent plane planning position posterior posture practice predict primary problem reflex region relationship resorption result root seen skeletal space surface swallow Table teeth tissue tongue tooth treated treatment University of Michigan usually vertical width