Handbook of orthodontics

abnormal active adaptive adolescence alveolar bone alveolar process Angle Ann Arbor arch perimeter archwire bicuspid Center for Human central incisors cephalogram changes Chapter 12 Class II malocclusion clinical clinician cranial base Craniofacial Growth Series crossbite crown cuspid Dent dental arch dentoalveolar developmental diagnosis distal eruption extraction factors forces Growth and Development Human Growth intercuspal lateral incisors lingual malocclusion mandible mandibular arch mandibular prognathism maxilla maxillary maxillary lateral incisors McNamara JA Jr measures mesial midface midline mixed dentition molar relationship monograph morphology muscle nasal neuromuscular normal occlusal open bite oral orofacial Orthod orthodontic treatment orthognathic surgery palate patient periodontal periodontium permanent molar permanent teeth plane posterior premolar primary teeth problem prognathism radiographs reflex resorption result retruded contact position root root resorption second molar second primary molar space suture swallow temporomandibular joint therapy third molars tissue tongue posture tongue-thrust tooth movements treated treatment planning University of Michigan width