Human BioclimatologyAndris Auliciems A. AULICIEMS Living organisms respond to atmospheric variability and variation, and over time morphological and process differentiations occur both within individuals and the species, as well as in the environment itself. In systems language, the concern is with the atmospheric process-response system of energy and matter flows within the biosphere. The study of such interactions between living organ isms and the atmospheric environment falls within the field of bioclimatology, alternatively referred to as biometeorology. Amongst the more readily recognizable study areas under the bioclimatolog that investigate the effects of atmospheric variation and ical umbrella are those variability upon 1. Terrestrial and aquatic ecology (zoological, botanical and ethological), natural resource production and management (including silviculture, agri culture, horticulture, and grassland, wetland, and marine systems). 2. Stress, morbidity and mortality in animals and humans (including physiolog ical and psychological adaptations). 3. The built environment (all aspects of planning, urban design, and architec ture). 4. Economic systems and social activities (including organizational, individual, and group behavior and management). In addition, bioclimatology is very much concerned with the feedback loop, that is both 5. The inadvertent modification of the atmosphere by living systems, especially human, i.e., studies of pollution, changes to atmospheric amenity, and the processes of deterioration of landscape (deforestation and desertification), and 6. The advertent modifications of natural energy and matter flows within urban areas and indoor climate constructions. |
Contents
1 | |
1 | 7 |
3 | 21 |
3 | 27 |
1 | 33 |
4 | 40 |
Techniques for Measuring Solar Ultraviolet Radiation | 47 |
Appendix | 49 |
2 | 89 |
3 | 95 |
4 | 100 |
References | 107 |
4 | 115 |
6 | 125 |
2 | 143 |
2 | 149 |
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acclimatization action spectrum adaptive air conditioning air mass air speed air temperature architecture ASHRAE ASHRAE Trans assessment atmospheric Auliciems bioclimatic bioclimatology broadband building occupants Building Research Establishment calibration clothing comfort levels comfort zone cooling effective temperature effects energy example exposure factors Fanger global warming heat episode heat-related mortality human humidity HVAC impact increase indices Indoor Air Quality indoor climate instrument intercomparison Kalkstein lamp measurements ment Mieczkowski naturally ventilated office buildings office environment outdoor ozone passive solar passive systems Photochem Photobiol physiological Plenum pollutants predicted rates recreation regions response SBS symptoms seasonal sick building syndrome skin slit function solar heating solar UV spectral spectroradiometers spectrum standard stress summer surface task conditioning Teramura AH thermal comfort thermal environments thermoregulation tion tropical ultraviolet radiation UV radiation W/m² wavelengths weather conditions weather-related mortality Webb winter workstation York