Integrated Electronics: Analog and Digital Circuits and Systems

acceptor active region amplifier applied voltage approximately assume atom base current biased capacitance capacitor charge circuit of Fig collector current collector junction common-emitter concentration conduction configuration constant covalent bond crystal current gain curve cutin cutoff decreases Define density device diffusion current diode current doped electron volts electrons emitter current emitter junction equation feedback forward-biased frequency gate germanium given Hence ICBO impurity increases indicated in Fig injected input integrated circuit load line logic magnitude metal minority carriers minority-carrier MOSFET n-p-n transistor n-type n-type semiconductor negative obtained open-circuited operation output voltage p-n diode p-n junction p-n-p transistor parameters piecewise linear plotted positive potential R₁ radiation recombination rectifier resistance resistor reverse saturation current reverse-biased saturation current semiconductor shown in Fig signal silicon sinusoidal substrate temperature truth table tunnel diode V₁ valence valence band volt-ampere volt-ampere characteristic voltage gain waveform zero