Intrinsic MotivationAs I begin to write this Preface, I feel a rush of excitement. I have now finished the book; my gestalt is coming into completion. Throughout the months that I have been writing this, I have, indeed, been intrinsically motivated. Now that it is finished I feel quite competent and self-determining (see Chapter 2). Whether or not those who read the book will perceive me that way is also a concern of mine (an extrinsic one), but it is a wholly separate issue from the intrinsic rewards I have been experiencing. This book presents a theoretical perspective. It reviews an enormous amount of research which establishes unequivocally that intrinsic motivation exists. Also considered herein are various approaches to the conceptualizing of intrinsic motivation. The book concentrates on the approach which has developed out of the work of Robert White (1959), namely, that intrinsically motivated behaviors are ones which a person engages in so that he may feel competent and self-determining in relation to his environment. The book then considers the development of intrinsic motiva tion, how behaviors are motivated intrinsically, how they relate to and how intrinsic motivation is extrinsically motivated behaviors, affected by extrinsic rewards and controls. It also considers how changes in intrinsic motivation relate to changes in attitudes, how people attribute motivation to each other, how the attribution process is motivated, and how the process of perceiving motivation (and other internal states) in oneself relates to perceiving them in others. |
Contents
| 3 | |
Conceptualizations of Intrinsic Motivation | 23 |
Intrinsic Motivation and Development | 65 |
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION | 129 |
Effects of Insufficient | 161 |
Inequity and Intrinsic Motivation | 187 |
Implications and Applications | 207 |
Effects of Extrinsic Rewards | 231 |
Attribution and Motivation | 241 |
Perceiving Intrinsic Motivation in Oneself | 281 |
| 295 | |
| 315 | |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
actor adaptation level affective arousal amount approach arousal potential asserted assumptions attitude change awareness of potential behave behaviorists Benware Berlyne Carlsmith cause central nervous system challenge Chapter choice competence and self-determination concept considered contingent counter-attitudinal Deci develop discrepancy engage environment environmental example expectations experiment experimenter exploration extrinsic rewards feedback feel competent feelings of competence goal Hebb hedonic Hence humans hunger Hunt important increases inequity insufficient justification intention internal intrinsically motivated behavior involves Kagan law of effect learning locus of causality manipulation McClelland mechanistic negative noncontingent notion observer one's optimal arousal optimal incongruity optimal level optimum organism outcomes output paid perceived locus performance personal causality position potential satisfaction prediction primacy effects primary drives psychology puzzle question redintegration reducing dissonance reinforcement relationship response salient secondary reinforcement seek self-actualization self-perception theory situations stimulus inputs subjects suggested task tion token economies valence whereas