Introduction to Corrosion ScienceThis textbook is intended for a one-semester course in corrosion science at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level. The approach is that of a physical chemist or materials scientist, and the text is geared toward students of chemistry, materials science, and engineering. This textbook should also be useful to practicing corrosion engineers or materials engineers who wish to enhance their understanding of the fundamental principles of corrosion science. It is assumed that the student or reader does not have a background in electrochemistry. However, the student or reader should have taken at least an undergraduate course in materials science or physical chemistry. More material is presented in the textbook than can be covered in a one-semester course, so the book is intended for both the classroom and as a source book for further use. This book grew out of classroom lectures which the author presented between 1982 and the present while a professorial lecturer at George Washington University, Washington, DC, where he organized and taught a graduate course on “Environmental Effects on Materials.” Additional material has been provided by over 30 years of experience in corrosion research, largely at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC and also at the Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, PA and as a Robert A. Welch Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Texas. The text emphasizes basic principles of corrosion science which underpin extensions to practice. |
Contents
1 Societal Aspects of Corrosion | 1 |
2 Getting Started on the Basics | 13 |
3 Charged Interfaces | 32 |
4 A Brief Review of Thermodynamics | 57 |
Electrochemical Cells and Galvanic Corrosion | 73 |
Pourbaix Diagrams | 95 |
7 Kinetics of Corrosion | 118 |
8 Concentration Polarization and Diffusion | 177 |
Appendix A Some Properties of Various Elemental Metals | 531 |
Appendix B Thermodynamic Relationships for Use in Constructing Pourbaix Diagrams at High Temperatures | 533 |
Appendix C Relationship Between the Rate Constant and the Activation Energy for a Chemical Reaction | 535 |
Appendix D Random Walks in Two Dimensions | 537 |
Appendix E Uhligs Explanation for the Flade Potential on Iron | 541 |
Appendix F Calculation of the Randic Index X G for the Passive Film on FeCr Alloys | 543 |
Appendix G Acid Dissociation Constants pKa of Bases and the Base Strength | 547 |
Appendix H The Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm | 549 |
9 Passivity | 209 |
10 Crevice Corrosion and Pitting | 263 |
11 Mechanically Assisted Corrosion | 314 |
12 Corrosion Inhibitors | 357 |
13 Corrosion Under Organic Coatings | 403 |
14 AC Impedance | 427 |
15 HighTemperature Gaseous Oxidation | 452 |
16 Selected Topics in Corrosion Science | 477 |
17 Beneficial Aspects of Corrosion | 515 |
Answers to Selected Problems | 521 |
Appendix I The Temkin Adsorption Isotherm | 551 |
Appendix J The Temkin Adsorption Isotherm for a Charged Interface | 553 |
Appendix K Effect of Coating Thickness on the Transmission Rate of a Molecule Permeating Through a FreeStanding Organic Coating | 557 |
Appendix L The Impedance for a Capacitor | 559 |
Appendix M Use of LHospitals Rule to Evaluate Z for the MetalSolution Interface for Large Values of Angular Frequency | 561 |
Appendix N Derivation of the Arc Chord Equation for ColeCole plots | 563 |
Appendix O Laplaces Equation | 567 |
571 | |
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Common terms and phrases
304 stainless steel acid solutions adsorbed adsorption alloy aluminum anions anodic anodic polarization curve aqueous solution atoms Bode plot bulk cathodic protection cathodic reaction cations cell Chapter chemical constant copper corrosion inhibitors corrosion pit corrosion potential corrosion rate crevice corrosion current density decreases diffusion dissolution dissolved double layer Ecorr effect Electrochemical Society electrolyte equation equilibrium example experimental free energy galvanic galvanic series given half-cell reaction icorr immersed increases ion implantation iron localized corrosion McCafferty mechanism metal surface metal/solution interface NACE International NaCl organic coating oxide film passive film permission of ECS pitting potential polarization curves Pourbaix diagram reference electrode region Reproduced by permission resistance Schematic seawater shown in Fig shows specimens stainless steel standard electrode potential stress stress-corrosion cracking substrate Table Tafel slope temperature thermodynamic thickness titanium various water molecules weight loss zinc Zn+2