Microcontroller-Based Temperature Monitoring and Control*Provides practical guidance and essential theory making it ideal for engineers facing a design challenge or students devising a project *Includes real-world design guides for implementing a microcontroller-based control systems *Requires only basic mathematical and engineering background as the use of microcontrollers is introduced from first principles Engineers involved in the use of microcontrollers in measurement and control systems will find this book an essential practical guide, providing design principles and application case studies backed up with sufficient control theory and electronics to develop their own systems. It will also prove invaluable for students and experimenters seeking real-world project work involving the use of a microcontroller. Unlike the many introductory books on microcontrollers Dogan Ibrahim has used his engineering experience to write a book based on real-world applications. A basic mathematical and engineering background is assumed, but the use of microcontrollers is introduced from first principles. Microcontroller-Based Temperature Monitoring and Control is an essential and practical guide for all engineers involved in the use of microcontrollers in measurement and control systems. The book provides design principles and application case studies backed up with sufficient control theory and electronics to develop your own systems. It will also prove invaluable for students and experimenters seeking real-world project work involving the use of a microcontroller. Techniques for the application of microcontroller-based control systems are backed up with the basic theory and mathematics used in these designs, and various digital control techniques are discussed with reference to digital sample theory. The first part of the book covers temperature sensors and their use in measurement, and includes the latest non-invasive and digital sensor types. The second part covers sampling procedures, control systems and the application of digital control algorithms using a microcontroller. The final chapter describes a complete microcontroller-based temperature control system, including a full software listing for the programming of the controller. |
Contents
Microcomputer Systems | 1 |
13 Microcontroller features | 3 |
14 Microcontroller architectures | 7 |
15 The PIC microcontroller family | 8 |
16 Minimum PIC configuration | 12 |
17 PIC16F84 microcontroller | 16 |
18 PIC16F877 microcontroller | 21 |
19 Using C language to program PIC microcontrollers | 24 |
56 Practical thermistor circuits | 116 |
57 Microcontroller based temperature measurement | 119 |
58 PROJECT Designing a microcontroller based temperature measurement system using a thermistor | 120 |
59 Exercises | 126 |
Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensors | 129 |
61 Voltage output temperature sensors | 130 |
62 Current output temperature sensors | 132 |
63 Digital output temperature sensors | 134 |
110 PIC C project development tools | 45 |
111 Structure of a microcontroller based C program | 46 |
112 Program Description Language | 48 |
113 Example LCD project | 51 |
114 Exercises | 53 |
115 Further reading | 54 |
Temperature and its Measurement | 55 |
22 Types of temperature sensors | 56 |
23 Measurement errors | 59 |
24 Selecting a temperature sensor | 61 |
Thermocouple Temperature Sensors | 63 |
31 Thermocouple types | 66 |
32 Thermocouple junction mounting | 68 |
34 Extension cables | 69 |
36 Thermocouple styles | 70 |
37 Thermocouple temperature voltage relationships | 71 |
38 The theory of the cold junction compensation | 76 |
39 Microcontroller based practical thermocouple circuits | 79 |
310 PROJECT Measuring temperature using a thermocouple and a microcontroller | 80 |
311 Exercises | 84 |
RTD Temperature Sensors | 87 |
42 RTD types | 88 |
43 RTD temperature resistance relationship | 89 |
44 RTD standards | 92 |
45 Practical RTD circuits | 96 |
46 Microcontroller based RTD temperature measurement | 99 |
47 PROJECT Designing a microcontroller based temperature measurement system using an RTD | 100 |
48 Exercises | 105 |
Thermistor Temperature Sensors | 107 |
52 Thermistor types | 108 |
53 Selfheating | 110 |
54 Thermal time constant | 111 |
64 PROJECT Using a digital output sensor to measure the temperature | 138 |
65 Exercises | 142 |
Digital Control Systems and the ztransform | 145 |
71 The sampling process | 146 |
72 The ztransform | 148 |
73 Inverse ztransform | 154 |
74 The pulse transfer function | 157 |
75 Exercises | 168 |
Stability | 171 |
82 The rootlocus technique | 175 |
83 Digital control algorithms | 179 |
84 Temperature control using digital computers | 180 |
85 Digital realizations | 190 |
86 Realization of the discrete PID controller | 194 |
87 Problems with the standard PID controller | 195 |
88 Choosing a sampling interval | 197 |
89 Exercises | 198 |
Case Study Temperature Control Project | 201 |
92 The mathematical model | 202 |
93 The circuit diagram | 207 |
94 Identification of the system | 208 |
95 Pulse width output of the microcontroller | 209 |
96 Design of a PI controller | 210 |
97 Design of a PID controller | 215 |
98 Compensating for heat losses | 219 |
Platinum RTD Sensor Resistances α 000385 | 221 |
ASCII Code | 223 |
FED C Compiler Library Functions | 227 |
Glossary | 231 |
| 235 | |
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Common terms and phrases
A/D converter algorithm applications based temperature measurement Bi-directional port block diagram bytes circuit diagram clock closed-loop system coefficients cold junction compensation connected constant data memory defined device digital control system digital output EEPROM ENDDO error external FED C compiler given heater input integrated circuit interrupt Laplace transform LCD display loop measure the temperature measured temperature Metal module operational amplifier OSC1 oscillator output temperature sensors parameters PIC microcontroller PIC16F84 microcontroller PID controller port pins Program listing program memory reference junction reset resistance resistor response root-locus RTD sensor sampling self-heat semiconductor serial set point shown in Fig signal statement Steinhart-Hart equation string Table temperature control temperature measurement system temperature range temperature-resistance thermal thermistor thermocouple TMRO transfer function type K thermocouple unsigned char USART usually variable watchdog timer wires z-transform zero-order hold Ziegler-Nichols