Modern Blast Furnace Ironmaking: An Introduction

Title Page -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Symbols and Abbreviations -- Introduction of the Blast Furnace Process -- What is driving the furnace? -- The equipment -- Book overview -- The Blast Furnace: Contents and Gas Flow -- The generation of gas and gas flow through the burden -- Furnace efficiency -- An example of gas flow and contents of a blast furnace -- The Ore Burden: Sinter, Pellets, Lump Ore -- Introduction -- Iron ore -- Quality demands for the blast furnace burden -- Sinter -- Pellets -- Lump ore -- Interaction of burden components -- Coke -- Introduction: function of coke in the blast furnace -- Coal blends for coke making -- Coke quality concept -- Coke size distribution -- Mechanical strength of coke -- Overview of international quality parameters -- Injection of Coal, Oil and Gas -- Coal injection: equipment -- Coal specification for PCI -- Coal injection in the tuyeres -- Process control with pulverised coal injection -- Circumferential symmetry of injection -- Gas and oil injectants -- Burden Calculation and Mass Balances -- Introduction -- Burden calculation: starting points -- An example of a burden calculation -- Process calculations: a simplified mass balance -- The Process: Burden Descent and Gas Flow Control -- Burden descent: where is voidage created? -- Burden descent: system of vertical forces -- Gas flow in the blast furnace -- Fluidisation and channelling -- Burden distribution -- Coke layer -- Ore layer thickness -- Erratic burden descent and gas flow -- Blast furnace instrumentation -- Blast furnace daily operational control -- Blast Furnace Productivity and Efficiency -- The raceway -- Carbon and iron oxides -- Temperature profile -- What happens with the gas in the burden? -- Oxygen and productivity -- Use of metallic iron -- How iron ore melts -- Circumferential symmetry and direct reduction.