Molecular Marker Systems in Plant Breeding and Crop ImprovementHorst Lörz, Gerhard Wenzel Successful release of new and better crop varieties increasingly requires genomics and molecular biology. This volume presents basic information on plant molecular marker techniques from marker location up to gene cloning. The text includes a description of technical approaches in genome analysis such as comparison of marker systems, positional cloning, and array techniques in 19 crop plants. A special section focuses on converting this knowledge into general and specific breeding strategies, particularly in relation to biotic stress. Theory and practice of marker assisted selection for QTL, gene pyramiding and the future of MAS are summarized and discussed for maize, wheat, and soybean. Furthermore, approaches in silviculture on the examples of Fagus, Populus, Eucalyptus, Picea and Abies are presented. The volume ends with a comprehensive review of the patents relevant for using molecular markers and marker assisted selection. |
Contents
Identification and Application of Molecular Markers | 3 |
2 Status | 4 |
3 Molecular Markers | 5 |
4 Identifying MarkerTrait Associations | 6 |
5 Application of Molecular Markers | 12 |
6 Directions | 17 |
7 Conclusions | 20 |
From Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms to Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms | 23 |
4 Comparative Mapping and Synteny | 234 |
5 Conclusions | 236 |
References | 237 |
Markers as a Tool for Breeding | 243 |
4 Molecular Markers Currently Used in Rice Breeding | 245 |
5 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis in Rice | 246 |
7 Transposable Elements as Markers for Major Genes | 248 |
Quantitative Trait Loci and Future Prospects | 249 |
3 Microsatellites | 25 |
5 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms | 26 |
6 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms | 28 |
7 Conclusions | 33 |
References | 34 |
Molecular Markers in Rice | 39 |
2 Gene Mapping with Molecular Markers in Rice | 41 |
3 Positional Cloning | 42 |
4 ArrayBased Markers | 45 |
5 Candidate Genes as Markers | 47 |
6 Conclusions | 48 |
References | 49 |
MapBased Cloning | 55 |
2 Outline of the General MapBased Cloning Strategy | 56 |
3 MapBased Cloning in a Model Species with a Fully Sequenced Genome Arabidopsis thaliana | 70 |
4 MapBased Cloning in Crop Species | 76 |
5 Conclusions | 80 |
References | 81 |
Specific Crops | 87 |
Use of Genetic Information from Arabidopsis and Development of Sequence Tagged Site Markers | 89 |
2 Characterization of DNA Markers in Brassica | 90 |
3 Application of Arabidopsis Genome Information to Brassica DNA Markers | 96 |
4 Developing Random Amplified Polymorphic DNASequence Tagged Site Markers Linked to the RadishDerived Fertility Restoration Rf Locus in B ... | 97 |
5 Conclusions | 100 |
References | 101 |
Example Sunflower Breeding | 107 |
3 Quantitative Trait Loci Identification | 111 |
Towards Genes and Functions | 114 |
5 Conclusions | 116 |
Mapping in Sugar Beet | 121 |
3 Repetitive DNA Classes | 126 |
4 Genetic Relationships Between Species of the Genus Beta | 128 |
5 Genetic Mapping of Mendelian Traits | 129 |
6 Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci | 132 |
7 Conclusions | 133 |
Improvement of Alfalfa Medicago sativa L | 139 |
2 Characterization of Alfalfa Germplasms | 140 |
3 Development of Genetic Maps and Identification of Regions Affecting Traits of Interest | 142 |
4 Additional Uses of Molecular Markers in Alfalfa Breeding | 148 |
5 Conclusions | 149 |
References | 150 |
The Example Pea Pisum sativum L | 155 |
2 The Pisum Genetic Map and Loci for Agronomic Characters | 156 |
3 Resistance to Powdery Mildew Erysiphe pisi Syd | 158 |
Fusarium oxysporum f sp pisi van Hall Snyd Hans | 159 |
6 Flowering Genetics | 161 |
7 Quantitative Trait Loci | 162 |
8 Conclusions | 166 |
Understanding and Using Gene Pools | 171 |
3 Linkage Maps | 174 |
4 Synteny | 176 |
5 Gene Mapping | 178 |
6 Transformation Systems | 181 |
7 Conclusions | 183 |
Development and Use in Pepper Capsicum spp | 189 |
2 Molecular Markers | 190 |
4 Variety Identification and Hybrid Purity | 191 |
5 Genetic Maps | 192 |
6 Map Position and Markers of Loci Governing Traits of Interest | 198 |
7 Genomic Resources | 204 |
8 MarkerAssisted Selection | 206 |
9 Conclusion | 207 |
References | 208 |
Molecular Maps and More | 213 |
2 Reference Molecular Maps of Potato | 214 |
4 Potato Function Map for Pathogen Resistance | 216 |
5 Potato Function Map for Tuber Traits | 219 |
6 Potato Function Maps as Basis for Innovative Approaches to Breeding | 221 |
7 Conclusions | 222 |
A Resource for Intra and Interspecific Genomics | 227 |
References | 250 |
Potential and Implications | 253 |
3 The Bridge to Practical Applications | 255 |
5 Analysis of Genetic Diversity | 259 |
References | 260 |
The Group of Conifers | 265 |
2 Conifer Genomes | 266 |
3 Loblolly Pine Reference Genetic Map | 267 |
5 Comparative Mapping in Pinus | 268 |
6 Comparative Mapping in Pinaceae | 271 |
Needs of Linking the Genetic Map to Chromosomes | 273 |
Improvement of Peach | 277 |
2 Use of Molecular Markers for Fruit Quality Improvement | 283 |
3 Use of Molecular Markers for Disease Resistance | 287 |
4 MarkerAssisted Selection for Tree Architecture Characters | 289 |
5 Synteny Among Prunus Species | 290 |
6 Development of Peach Molecular Markers and Their Use for Fingerprinting and for the Evaluation of Genetic Resources | 294 |
7 Conclusions | 295 |
| 301 | |
MarkerAssisted Selection | 303 |
3 Present Status of Validated Molecular Markers for Molecular Breeding of Important Crops | 305 |
5 MarkerAssisted Selection in Gene Pyramiding | 308 |
6 MarkerAssisted Selection in Backcross Breeding | 309 |
7 Conclusions | 311 |
Optimum Design of MarkerAssisted Backcross Programs | 317 |
3 Introgression of a Recessive Gene | 325 |
4 Introgression of Two Dominant Genes | 328 |
5 Length of the Intact Donor Chromosome Segment Around the Target Gene | 329 |
References | 331 |
MarkerAssisted Selection in Maize | 333 |
2 Practical Examples of MarkerAssisted Selection | 340 |
3 Economics of MarkerAssisted Selection | 346 |
4 New MarkerAssisted Selection Strategies | 347 |
References | 348 |
The Example Wheat | 351 |
2 Development of Molecular Markers | 352 |
3 Use of Molecular Markers in MarkerAssisted Selection for Disease Resistance | 360 |
4 Conclusions | 361 |
References | 362 |
Soybean Improvement | 369 |
2 Choice of Markers | 371 |
3 Identification of Polymorphism | 376 |
5 MarkerAssisted Selection in Recurrent CrossPopulations | 377 |
7 Methods for MarkerAssisted Selection | 378 |
8 Conclusions | 380 |
References | 381 |
The Example of Fagus | 385 |
3 Spatial Analysis of Genetic Structure Within Forests by Microsatellite Markers | 388 |
4 Genetic Management of Fagus Forests for Conservation and Sustainable Use | 391 |
5 Conclusions | 393 |
Characterisation and Use in Eucalyptus | 397 |
3 Effect of Utilisation on the Base Population Resource Influence of Silvicultural and Harvesting on Eucalyptus sieberi Genetic Diversity | 399 |
4 Defining the Gene Pool for Breeding Hybridisation | 400 |
5 Direct Measures of Gene Flow Implications for Orchard Design | 401 |
6 Genetic Architecture of Commercial Traits Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Gene Mapping | 403 |
References | 407 |
Case Studies in Abies Picea and Populus | 411 |
2 Which DNA Marker at Which Scale and for Which Purpose? | 413 |
3 Case Studies with Fir Abies sp Norway Spruce Picea abies Karst L and Poplar Populus sp | 415 |
4 Conclusions | 423 |
References | 424 |
Legal Aspects | 429 |
IV1 Intellectual Property Rights in the Field of Molecular Marker Analysis | 431 |
4 The Selection of Micro satellite Primers and the PCR Reaction | 434 |
5 Analysis of PCR Products | 435 |
7 Conclusions | 436 |
References | 469 |
Subject Index | 471 |
Other editions - View all
Molecular Marker Systems in Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement Horst Lörz,Gerhard Wenzel Limited preview - 2008 |
Molecular Marker Systems in Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement Horst Lörz,Gerhard Wenzel Limited preview - 2007 |
Common terms and phrases
aestivum AFLP agronomic alfalfa alleles amplified analysis annuum Arabidopsis backcross barley Beta Brassica breeding programs candidate genes Capsicum chromosome comparative mapping Crop Sci cross cultivars detection diploid disease resistance DNA markers Eucalyptus F₂ flanking markers forest fragment length polymorphism genetic diversity genetic map genetic markers genotype germplasm haploid hybridization identified introgression isozyme Lefebvre lines linkage groups locus maize map-based cloning mapping population Marker Systems marker-assisted selection markers linked method microsatellite microsatellite markers Mol Breed Molecular mapping molecular markers mutant napus nucleic acid oligonucleotide peach pepper phenotypic plant breeding potato powdery mildew primer probes progeny Prunus QTL mapping quantitative trait loci RAPD markers recombination recurrent parent RFLP map RFLP markers sativa seed segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms soybean species SSR markers studies sugar beet sunflower synteny Tanksley SD target gene Theor Appl Genet tion tomato transgenic variation Vigna virus wheat