Muslim Caste in Uttar Pradesh: A Study of Culture Contact

Allah Arab Aryan Ashraf castes Avadh Avestan Bālmīkji basis bhāi Bhangi Bhatiyara Bhishti birth Bradari Brahman butcher Caliphate caste status Census Census Report Census Returns century ceremonial Chikwa claim clan clean occupational castes communities creed culture contact customs Darzi daughter definition of caste descent Dhobi Dhuniya different castes distinct caste divisions Dutt early endogamous equal exist exogamy Faqir Gaddi Ghazni gradually groups high caste higher Hindu caste system Hindus and Muslims Hutton Ibid India Indian caste system Indian Muslims individuals Islām jāti Julāhā Kshatriya Lal Beg low caste lower castes marriage relations marry Mehtar Mehtar Iliyas Mirāsi Mughal Muslim Rajputs name or alias Nesfield organisation origin Pathān Persian phenomenon Pir Saheb practice priest province Qassab Quran racial Rangrez religious Rig-Vedic Risley rules saint sections Senart Shaikh Shi'as social status social unit society subdivisions Sudra Teli term tion tribe untouchability Uttar Pradesh Vaisya varnas Vedic