Nonparametric Statistics in Health Care Research: Statistics for Small Samples and Unusual DistributionsThis book will help the reader select and interpret the most appropriate statistical tests to enable the effective assessment of a particular intervention. Beginning with a general overview of nonparametric statistics, Majorie A Pett reviews statistical hypothesis testing and the characteristics of data. She then explores "goodness of fit" tests, tests for two related samples, repeated measures for multiple time periods or matched conditions, tests for two independent samples, tests to assess differences among independent groups and tests for association between variables. |
Contents
Preface | 7 |
Overview of Nonparametric Statistics | 13 |
The Process of Statistical Hypothesis Testing | 30 |
Dealing With Outliers | 49 |
Reporting Testing Assumptions and Violations in a Research Report | 57 |
The KolmogorovSmirnov OneSample Test | 79 |
The KolmogorovSmirnov TwoSample Test | 87 |
PretestPosttest | 95 |
Tests for Two Independent Samples | 146 |
Assessing Differences Among Several Independent Groups | 181 |
Tests of Association Between Variables | 225 |
The Current State of the Art | 276 |
283 | |
293 | |
About the Author 307 | |
Repeated Measures for More Than Two Time Periods | 122 |
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Common terms and phrases
Alternative Hypotheses anxiety scores ANXIETY2 assess binomial test categorical variable cell Chapter chi-square goodness-of-fit test chi-square test children's posthospital adjustment Cochran's Q test Computer Commands computer printout contingency table control group correlation coefficient Cramer's Crosstabs dependent variable determine dialogue box dichotomous variable differences evaluate examine expected frequencies Fisher exact test Friedman test health care research hypothetical study independent samples indicate intervention group kappa coefficient Kendall's tau level of measurement Mann-Whitney test McNemar test mean ranks median test Nonparametric Alternatives nonparametric statistics nonparametric tests normal distribution Null and Alternative null hypothesis Nursing observations obtained one-tailed outliers paired parametric tests Pearson phi coefficient point biserial correlation post hoc posttest preintervention anxiety pretest reject the null Siegel & Castellan Siegel and Castellan sign test signed ranks test skewed social status Spearman Spearman's rho SPSS for Windows statistical tests syntax commands two-tailed variance Wilcoxon signed ranks x² value z statistic