Physical Metallurgy and the Design of Steels

achieved age hardening age-hardening alloy alloying additions alloying elements aluminium aluminium nitride annealing ausforming austenite grain austenitic stainless steels austenitic steels carbide carbon content Climax Molybdenum composition controlled rolling corrosion resistance cracking decrease deformation delta-ferrite Effect of second-phase elongation embrittlement F. B. Pickering ferrite grain ferritic stainless steels flow stress formability fracture Gladman grain boundaries grain growth grain refinement high strength impact properties impact transition temperature increase interlamellar spacing interstitial solutes Iron and Steel Iron Steel Inst K. J. Irvine manganese marageing steel martensite metallurgical microstructure MN/mē molybdenum nickel niobium nitrogen optimum parameters pearlite precipitation produce proof stress values quenched recrystallisation relationship room temperature second-phase particles secondary hardening solid solution strengthening Spec stacking-fault energy strain ageing strengthening mechanisms stress MN/mē tempering resistance tempering temperatures tensile strength texture titanium total ductility Trans transformation temperature treatment vanadium volume fraction welding whilst work-hardening rate yield stress