Practical Pharmacognosy

add few drops alcohol aleurone aleurone grains alkaloids aqueous aromatic bark BIOLOGICAL SOURCE boiling calcium oxalate Calcium oxalate crystals Cambium cellulosic CHARACTERISTICS OF POWDERED CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS CHEMICAL TESTS Clove Collenchyma colour conc Cork Cortex Covering trichome crude drug cuticle Digitalis Dissolve dried elongated endodermis Endosperm epidermal cells epidermis EXTRA FEATURES extract Glandular trichome glycosides hydrochloric acid Iodine solution LAMINA leaf lignified Lower epidermis Medullary rays mericarp micrometer MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERISTICS MIDRIB mucilage Odour oil globules ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERS Palisade parenchyma parenchymatous cells Pericyclic Pericyclic fibres Phloroglucinol picric acid pith polygonal POWDERED DRUG protein Reagents Observations root safranin Schematic diagram T. S. sclerenchyma sclerides seeds Senna Shape Single layered slide Soluble STAINING starch starch grains stem stomata Stone cells Sudan Red sulphuric acid surface Taste test solution thick walled thin walled tissue trichomes unicellular upper epidermis vascular bundles volatile oil Xylem Xylem vessels yellow yellowish