Practical Seismic Interpretation

AAPG acoustic impedance acoustic-impedance boundary acoustic-impedance contrast amplitude anticlines baselap basin clastic clinoforms contouring Courtesy Merlin Profilers Courtesy Norsk Hydro deconvolution density depositional depth diapir diffraction display downlap effect example fault plane FIGURE frequency Fresnel zone Geological model geophone grid horizon IHRDC Press interference interpretation interval velocity KM 2 MILES layer limestone lithologies Merlin Profilers Ltd method migration minimum-phase mis-ties multiple normal faults normal polarity Norsk Hydro onlap particle velocity permission of IHRDC pick primary reflection problem processing produce prograding push-down raypath reef reflected refraction reflection coefficient reflector relationships Reprinted by permission rock sand sediments seismic data Seismic expression seismic line seismic pulse seismic reflections seismic response seismic section seismic trace sequence boundary shale shotpoint sonic log stacking stratigraphic structure subsurface surface syncline thickness tion top and base toplap traveltime trough truncation TWO-WAY unconformity unmigrated VELOCITY ANOMALIES vertical wave wavelength wavelet zero-phase