Pteridophytes and GymnospermsK.U. Kramer, Peter Shaw Green, Klaus Kubitzki, P.S. Green, J. G. Rohwer, Volker Bittrich The study of organismic diversity has witnessed an unprecedented upswing in the last two de cades. The empirical basis of botanical systematics has been broadened far beyond the realm of macromorphological traits on which systematists have based their decisions for more than 200 years. Electron microscopy and phytochemistry have become standard tools, rendering evi dence from micromorphology and micro molecules accessible to systematic research. The analy sis of truly biological phenomena, like the interaction between various groups of organisms, or the strategy of reproduction, has been added to the already existing fields of floral and dispersal biology. The study of macromolecules permits genealogical reconstructions with the greatest pre cision. Considerable progress has also been made in the methodology for reconstructing phylo geny. All this is in consonance with the strong intellectual stimulus that the study of phylogeny seems to exert on taxonomists. It is small wonder then that a large proportion of the taxono mists' activities is absorbed by the attempt to reconstruct phylogeny at all hierarchical levels. While botanists from Linnaeus to Bentham & Hooker and Engler & Prantl have synthesized the botanical knowledge of their time, such a synthesis has not been attempted more recently in spite of, or possibly rather because of, the rising flood and rapid diversification of botanical knowledge. |
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Contents
Introduction to Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms | 1 |
List of Contributors | 7 |
Introduction to the Treatment of Pteridophytes | 12 |
Psilotaceae K U KRAMER | 22 |
SMITH A R University Herbarium Department of Botany | 26 |
Lycopodiaceae B OLLGAARD | 31 |
39 | |
Equisetaceae R L HAL KE | 46 |
Dryopteridaceae K U KRAMER R E HOLTTUM | 101 |
GYMNOSPERMS | 279 |
IX | 284 |
N PAGE | 294 |
N PAGE | 302 |
N PAGE | 317 |
N PAGE | 332 |
346 | |
Aspleniaceae K U KRAMER and R VIANE | 52 |
HENNIPMAN E Vakgroep Systematische Plantkunde Rijksuniversiteit | 59 |
Blechnaceae K U KRAMER T C CHAMBERS | 60 |
Cheiropleuriaceae K U KRAMER | 68 |
Davalliaceae K U KRAMER | 74 |
Dennstaedtiaceae K U KRAMER | 81 |
Dicksoniaceae K U KRAMER | 94 |
348 | |
361 | |
CycadophytinaCycadatae General Traits of the Cycadales | 363 |
Gnetatae General Traits of the Gnetales K KLBITZKI | 378 |
Sources of Illustrations | 393 |
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Common terms and phrases
abaxial adaxially adaxially grooved adaxially sulcate affinity Amer anadromous anastomosing anatomy annulus apex apical areoles articulate basal base bipinnate bracts branched catadromous cells Ching chromosome numbers clathrate commissure conifers Copel Copeland costa dictyostelic dimorphic dorsal Dryopteridaceae echinate ellipsoidal elongate epilithic epiphytic erect exindusiate Female cones Fertile leaves fertile segments forked free included veinlets gametophyte genera genus glabrous glandular Grammitidaceae hairs hairy Hennipman Holttum hybrids indusium lamina Lamina simple lanceolate linear lobed long-creeping Male cones margin mature medium-sized monolete morphology ovule peltate perispore petiole Pichi pinnae pinnatifid pinnules plants Podocarpaceae pollen Polypodiaceae Presl Pteridaceae pteridophytes rachis rarely receptacular reticulate scaly seed sessile shoots simply pinnate sometimes soral lines sori sorus species sporangia sporangium Spores Spores trilete sporophylls stalk stele stem bearing sterile stomata Subgenus surface Taxaceae Taxodiaceae taxonomic terminal terrestrial ferns Thelypteridaceae trees trichomes tropical Tryon and Tryon usually vascular bundles vein ends veins free venation