Pulse, Digital, and Switching Waveforms: Devices and Circuits for Their Generation and Processing

active region amplifier amplitude applied approximately assume astable base current binary breakdown C₁ calculate capacitance capacitor cathode characteristic circuit of Fig clamping clamping circuit collector current comparator configuration constant corresponding current gain cutin cutoff decreases delay device diode emitter equal equation equivalent circuit example exponential flip-flop gate germanium Hence I₁ increases indicated in Fig inductance inductor input signal input voltage junction leakage inductance linear load line logic magnitude monostable n-p-n transistor negative obtained operation output impedance output voltage output waveform overshoot p-n-p transistor parameters pentode positive pulse R₁ R₂ RC circuit resistance resistor response result reverse reverse-biased rise saturation shown in Fig shunt silicon sinusoidal square wave stable stage supply voltage switch T₁ T₂ temperature terminals tilt transformer transistor triggering triode truth table tube tunnel diode V₁ V₂ vacuum-tube VCE(sat volt-ampere waveform zero