Rising Life Expectancy: A Global HistoryBetween 1800 and 2000 life expectancy at birth rose from about 30 years to a global average of 67 years, and to more than 75 years in favored countries. This dramatic change was called a health transition, characterized by a transition both in how long people expected to live, and how they expected to die. Rising Life Expectancy examines the way humans reduced risks to their survival, both regionally and globally, to promote world population growth and population aging. |
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adult Africa antibiotics associated began behavior biomedicine Britain Caldwell Cambridge campaign causes of death child mortality cholera cities communicable diseases Culture Demographic developing countries diets doctors E. A. Wrigley economic effect England epidemic epidemiologic epidemiologic transition especially Europe European expectancy at birth famine females France GDP per capita germ theory global gross domestic product growth healers health services health transition higher History household housing ideas immunizations important improved income India infant and child infant mortality infected Jacques Dupâquier Jacques Vallin Japan Kerala leading levels Liège literacy living London maternal modern morbidity Mortality Decline nineteenth century nutrition Omran overnutrition Oxford pathogens pectancy percent Policy poor countries problem programs promoted public health reduce rising role sanitary schooling sickness smallpox Social Sri Lanka strategy suggests survival prospects survivorship therapies tion traditional medicine treatment Trends tuberculosis twentieth century urban vaccination Western women York