The Nervous System

acetylcholine acid action potential activity adrenergic afferent animals auditory axons blood brain stem called causes cell bodies cerebellum cerebral cortex changes Chapter chemical cochlea conduction cones contraction cortical decreases dendrites depolarization discharge effect electrical electrodes end-plate excitatory Figure firing level fluid frequency function gamma efferent gyrus hair cells hormones humans hypothalamus impulses increased inhibition inhibitory input interneurons lens lesions mechanisms mediator membrane potential metabolism midbrain molecules motor neurons movements msec muscle fibers muscle spindles myosin nerve endings nerve fibers nervous system neural norepinephrine normal nuclei occurs olfactory optic pain pathways permeability permission Physiology pituitary plasma postcentral gyrus posterior postsynaptic pressure presynaptic produced protein receptors Reproduced response reticular retina rods secretion sensation sense organs shown in Fig skeletal muscle sleep smooth muscle somatic spinal cord stimulation stretch reflex substances synaptic knobs taste temperature tension thalamus threshold tion tissue tract transmission troponin vasopressin visceral visual wave