and Pegu, or essentially to the dividing range of hills which separate those provinces. The third is emphatically the Martaban Squirrel. I obtained it in the Martaban hills opposite to Moulmein, but never on the Moulmein side of the river; though Mr. Atkinson procured one lower down towards Amherst. (J. A. S. XXVIII, 275.) On the hills behind Moulmein, it is replaced abundantly by Sc. ATRODORSALIS, Gray, which, however it may vary, is readily distinguished from all its Burmese congeners by having conspicuously white whiskers. Sc. HYPERYTHRUS, nobis (said to be from Moulmein, but more probably from the hills bordering the Sitang valley), is very like Sc. ATRODORSALIS, but has black whiskers, the back, sides, and exterior of limbs, quite uniformly coloured, and no trace of the black patch upon the back.* Sc. PHAYREI I found to be the common species of the Martaban jungles, as high up as I went, far into the Yunzalin district of Upper Martaban; and the only other Squirrel which I observed there was Sc. BERDMOREI, nobis, both near Martaban station, and far in the interior. This largest of the striped species is a thorough ground Squirrel, which never ascends a tree, so far as I have seen, but on alarm retreats to the under-wood; its tongue is remarkably long and protrusile. At Rangoon the only species that I observed was Sc. PYGERYTHRUS, Is. Geoffroy, which is the ordinary Squirrel of Lower Pegu; but high up the Irawádi, in the Shan hills east of Ava, and again above Ava, Mr. W. T. Blanford met with a peculiar race, Sc. BLANFORDII, nobis, n. s., which resembles Sc. PHAYREI except in wanting the black stripe along the flank, and in having the entire upper-parts greyer or less fulvescent. The four paws are albescent-fulvous in both races, tending more or less to rufous; and both have the tails black-tipped, and the cinnamon hue of the lower parts extending as a median stripe along the under surface of the tail. Neither of these, too, has any ruddy colouring on the face and ears, as in Sc. ATRODORSALIS and SC. HYPERYTHRUS. From Sc. HYPIRYTHRUS, Sc. BLANFORDII is readily distinguished by its larger size, conspicuously black-tipped tail with pale line underneath, and also by the albescent-fulvous colour of the four paws above.† Sc. * We have specimens of SC. ATRODORSALIS without the black dorsal patch; but the whiskers are white, and the general colouring, especially that of the tail, readily distinguish them from SC. HYPERYTHRUSs.

+ Two additional specimens of Sc. BLANFORDII have since been examined, which have been taken to England by Mr. W. T. Blanford.

ATRODORSALIS would seem to be the characteristic Squirrel of Amherst province; and southward again, in that of Tavoy, the ordinary species would appear to be Sc. CHRYSONOTUS, nobis ; with also the pygmy striped Sc. BARBEI, nobis; which is closely akin to Sc. MCCLELLANDII of Sikhim and Butan. The only Squirrel-skin we have from Mergui is like Sc. CHRYSONOTUS, but without a tinge of golden-ferruginous on the upper parts, though there is a trace of this hue on the sides of the neck and body: it nearly resembles an example from Malacca, which I have named Sc. CONCOLOR; but this has no trace of the golden-ferruginous on the sides of the neck and body, nor a well defined black tail-tip as in the other.*

Here it may be remarked that the CERVUS (PANOLIA) ELDI, Guthrie (C. frontalis, McClelland, C. lyratus, Schinz, C. dimorphe, Hodgson, with horns a little abnormal as developed in captivity, Panolia acutirostris et P. platyceros, Gray), is common in Pegu, ex

*The following are the ascertained SCIURI of British Burmá :

1. SC. BICOLOR, Sparrman. The only species of the giganteus group inhabiting the range of territory; and found on all the hilly, tracts from the E. Himalaya to the Straits of Singapore. Burmese specimens have very commonly a pale cincture, more or less broad, at the middle of the body.

2. SC. LOKRIAH, Hodgson. Eastern Himálaya; Khásyas; Arakan hills.

3. SC. ASSAMENSIS, McClelland; Sc. Blythii, Tytler. Abounding in Asám, Sylhet, Arakan, and in E. Bengal; common about Dacca.

4. SC. FERRUGINEUS, F. Cuv., Mamm. Lithog.; Sc. Keraudrenii, Lesson, Zool. Voy. de Belanger. Common in the hills of Arakan and Pegu.

5. Sc. PYGERYTHRUS, Lesson, ibid. Abundant in Lower Pegu.

6. Sc. BLANFORDII, nobis, ut supra. Valley of the Irawádi and neighbouring hills about Ava; perhaps not within the British territory.

7. Sc. PHAYREI, nobis. Common throughout the province of Martaban.

8 SC. BERDMOREI, nobis. The common ground Squirrel of Martaban province; found also as far south as Mergui (?).

9. SC. HYPERYTHRUS, nobis. Hills bordering the valley of the Sitang? 10. SC. ATRODORSALIS, Gray. The common species of Amherst province; abundant on the hills behind Moulmein (certainly not Butan, as asserted by Dr. Gray. Br. Mus. Catal.)

11.

SC. CHRYSONOTUS, nobis. The ordinary Squirrel of Tavoy province, if not also of the interior of Amherst province (J. A. S. XXVIII, 275). A permanent variety (?), or race, without the golden-fulvous colouring of the back, in Mergui province.

12. SC. BARBEI, nobis. The diminutive striped Squirrel of Tavoy, and of Mergui (?); closely akin to Sc. MCCLELLANDII of the E. Himálaya. It also inhabits the interior of Amherst province; and, I suspect, Lower Pegu; and it is doubtless the Sc. McCLELLANDII apud Gray, from Camboja. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 137.

N. B. There can be little doubt that additional species inhabit the provinces of Tavoy and especially Mergui: and this sketch of the geographical distribution of the various races will doubtless have to be improved upon.

A SC. SIAMENSIS is described by Dr. Gray in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1859, p. 478; and several species from Camboja in P. Z. S. 1861, 371.

tending thence northward to the Munnipur valley: it is also in Siam, as I have been recently informed by Sir R. H. Schomburgk; and the late Dr. Cantor obtained a fine skull with horns from Kedda, within the eastern confines of the Malayan peninsula ;* but it does not appear to inhabit Martaban and the Tenasserim provinces. I repeatedly saw the venison of this species (the Thámine) for sale in the Rangoon provision bazar, together with that of the Sâmur (or Scháp), Hog-deer (Durai, pronounced Dray), and Muntjac (Gee), indeed the four species together on one occasion; but always frightfully hacked by the Burmese, who do not even skin the animal before chopping it up. In Moulmein the Sâmur is commonly brought to the bazar in two entire unskinned halves, with the entrails taken out; and there also I remarked Hog Deer and Muntjac or 'Barking Deer' venison, but brought in less quantity than to Rangoon. With Major S. R. Tickell, at Moulmein, I saw a young living buck of the T'hámine, bearing its second horns, small, but of the typical or ultimate configuration; and a skull with similar horns (of the same age) was presented through me to the Society by Dr. Prichard of Rangoon, procured in the provision-bazar of that place ;t the living animal is exceedingly like the Indian Bárá Sing'ha (C. DUVAUCELII) in all but the horns, but is inferior in size; having the summer-coat bright rufous, with traces of menilling, more conspicuous in some does (as likewise in C. DUVAUCELII and C. PORCINUS). Among the drawings bequeathed by Gen. T. Hardwicke to the British Museum is one of a very spotted buck of C. DUVAUCELII from the Bengal Sundarbans. That this species does inhabit the Eastern Sundarbans, I have been assured; and the winter-coat is much darker and browner, of coarser texture, and considerably elongated about the neck. The habits resemble those of the Indian Bárá Sing'ha: this animal being much more gregarious, and more confined to open glades in the forest, than are the other Deer of the same region. Lt. Eld has well described the habits of the species in the Calc. Journal N, H., II, 415. The horns of the Munnipur animal can generally be distinguished from those of the more southern race, by being longer,

*Many years ago, Capt. Harold Lewis presented the Society with a fine pair of horns of this species on the frontlet, which he obtained at Pinang, and which were, doubtless (like those of Dr. Cantor), from the Kedda district.

+ To Dr. Prichard, the Society is also indebted for the photograph of the two Andamánese, figured in Vol. XXX, 251.

smoother, and less branched; the brow-antler especially is more elongated; and the crown is usually bifid, or with but a slight third prong, instead of being strongly trifid, or in some instances with even a fourth large coronal prong; but I have seen southern examples of intermediate character, and one of the largest size which was well elongated. Col. C. S. Guthrie lately assured me that he had possessed a large Munnipur pair of horns which were quite single or unbranched, and the brow-antler in a continuous line with the beam.* This is an exaggeration of the ordinary Munnipur character of horn. Mr. Hodgson's C. dimorphe I consider exceedingly doubtful as having been captured north or west of the Brahmaputra.

To Col. Phayre, we are further indebted for some loose horns of (Burmese) BoS GAURUS; and for (now in all) three skulls of bulls of B. SONDAICUs, all from Pegu, and an imperfect skin of a cow: the latter being of a bright chesnut-dun colour, and exhibiting the characteristic white patch on the buttocks.

As regards the former species, the Gaour seems to attain even a higher development in the Burmese countries than in India; not unfrequently, it would seem, attaining to 19 hands from the summit of the elevated dorsal ridge; and the horns, generally, are much more robust and considerably shorter, in both sexes, than in Indian Gaours. A remarkably fine skull, with horns, of the latter (minus the lower jaw) in the Society's museum weighs just 30 lbs. ; an equally fine skull of the Burmese race (minus the lower jaw), belonging to Col. A. Fytche, (Commissioner of the Martaban and Tenasserim provinces,) weighs 34 lbs.: both skulls of highly developed bulls, of course. From what I remember of a fine bull-skull, from the mainland near Singapore, I think that the horns were longer, as in the Indian race; but further observation is necessary of the Malayan animal, which probably resembles that of the Indo-Chinese region.‡

The BOS SONDAICUS appears to be common enough in parts of Upper Pegu, again in Mergui, and it occurs in Keddá, within the eastern confines of the Malayan peninsula, in Siamese territory; probably, also,

* A small specimen (3rd year), thus characterized, he has since presented to the Society.

+ This I partially remarked in J. A. S. XXI, note to p. 433.

Some Burmese heads and horns are, indeed, quite similar to Indian specimens. Such an example is figured as "the head of a Tenasserim Bison," in Col. Low's History of Tenasserim. Jour. Roy. As. Soc., Vol. III, p. 50.

elsewhere in the Malayan peninsula, as likewise in Jáva, Báli, Lombok, and Borneo. The horns of a female I saw with Col. Fytche are precisely similar to those figured by Dr. Salomon Müller; but the skull of this sex is still a desideratum in the Society's museum. Capt. Lloyd (Assistant Commissioner of the Tounghoo district, valley of the Sitang), is now endeavouring to procure a perfect skeleton of a bull of this species for the Society's collection.*

* In the Journal of the Indian Archipelago' for May, 1852, p. 270, the late G. Windsor Earl identified the Banteng of Java with the (wild Ox) of the Malayan peninsula; but he merely gives the English appellations, and may have confounded B. GAURUS with B. SONDIACUS. Dr. Cantor knew only of B. gaurus as indigenously wild in the Malayan peninsula. (Vide J. A. S. XV, 272.) The Count de Castelnau (French Consul at Bangkok) recently wrote me word from Singapore, that "The domestic cattle of Siam are of two races, one being the common Zebu, and the other humpless: the latter is the more common, and the horns of both are of very moderate size. I will write to Siam to get the horns and skull for you, and all possible information about the animal. The wild Ox is very rare in Siam: I only saw one, and it certainly belonged to B. GAUrus. In the Malayan peninsula there are two sorts, but only found in the central parts; and my collectors could not bring back specimens of such bulky animals. If you wish for the skulls, I will endeavour to obtain them for you."

Sir R. H. Schomburgk also writes-"The Buffalo is the animal used for agriculture and economical purposes in Siam. A murrain broke out some time since among them, and all export of them was forbidden. There is another kind of cattle here, to which you allude on Crawfurd's testimony: they are but small in size, and are quite different from the Zebu, not possessing the hump. I do not consider them indigenous. But the species to which you principally allude [I meant B. SONDAICUS,] is what I take to be the Gaour (B. GAURUS), roaming wild, and [illegible] in Camboja. I have never seen it, but possess a pair of horns, which I will forward to you with the skull of the kind of Ox that Crawfurd alludes to. You are probably aware that in the same way that the flesh of the Swine is forbidden to the Israelites and Mahomedans, that of the Ox and other substantial animals is interdicted to the Siamese [vide J. A. S. XXIX, 302]. The latter do not adhere very strictly to the ordinance; and, with the Americans residing here, we Europeans may taste occasionally some beef, though weeks may pass without it. Now I have addressed myself to the butcher who furnishes my house, and I have told him that I require the skull of one of the domestic cattle that Crawfurd mentions. He told me that there were not any now in Bangkok, but he would proceed into the interior where he might get them if I procured him a passport from the Siamese authorities. I have done so, and we must now await the result. If he succeeds, I shall insist upon being present when the animal receives its death-blow, to ensure its individuality." I have 'written to my very old personal friend, Sir R. H. Schomburgk, to request that he would send a bull-skull, if procurable, rather than that of an ox.

As our knowledge of the Tsoing or Banteng (as a continental species) is still but scanty, the following notice of it may be deemed worthy of transcription. Mr. H. Gouger, in his Personal Narrative of Two Years' Imprisonment in Burma' in 1824-6 (published in 1860), was returning from captivity, when he "landed on the right bank of the river [either the Gyne or the Attaran] with three boatmen, leaving the fourth in charge of the jolly-boat. As the forest was dense, and as we had to make a pathway for ourselves through the brushwood where there was any, we walked in Indian file, one of the men leading the line, in which I followed second, the others bring up the rear. To avoid the danger of losing our way, we took the usual precaution of chipping the bark. We had not proceeded in this way more than a quarter or half a mile, when my leader, an

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