direction of the selvage, which must be taken off. Warm by holding the plain side over the flame of a spirit lamp, or on a bottle of hot water. If it is to be applied over a very uneven surface, immerse it in hot water and press it gently on with a cloth. For strapping a leg, cut the strips an inch and a half wide, and long enough to lap over six inches after passing around the limb. The hair should first be shaved off. Stand in front of the patient, and apply the middle of the strap to the back of the leg; bring the ends around and cross them in front, giving them an upward direction, like the sections of a many-tailed bandage. The next strip is put on a little higher, overlapping the first by a third, and so on, as far as required. It needs to be renewed daily. For joints, the strapping should extend for some distance above and below, and the plaster is best spread on leather.

In case of fractured ribs, or whenever it is desired to limit the movements of the chest, strapping is sometimes employed in place of bandaging. It has an advantage in that it can be applied to one side alone.

CHAPTER XVIII.

Hæmorrhage-Different kinds-Causes-Amount-Natural tendency to arrest-Artificial modes of controlling arterial hæmorrhage: by cold-position-pressure-styptics the cautery-ligation— torsion-acupressure-Venous hæmorrhage-capillary-Constitutional symptoms-Internal hæmorrhage-Hæmoptysis—Hæmatemesis-Hæmaturia-Uterine hæmorrhage-Epistaxis.

THE escape of blood from its containing vessels is hæmorrhage. According to the kind of vessel ruptured, it may be described as arterial, venous, or capillary hæmorrhage. It is usually easy to distinguish these. Blood from an artery will be of a bright-red color, and will spurt out in jets of considerable force from the side of the wound nearest the heart. The jets will correspond to the beats of the heart, not entirely intermitting, but subsiding into a steady flow between them. Venous blood is of a dark-purplish hue, and moves in a sluggish continuous flow, mainly from the side furthest from the heart. Capillary hæmorrhage is a mere oozing of blood. The first is by far the most dangerous. Hæmorrhage from a large artery, if not promptly checked, may prove fatal in a few moments.

All wounds are attended by more or less bleeding. Besides such, described as traumatic, there may be hæmorrhage caused by rupture of the blood-vessels, either from disease of their coats, or of surrounding parts. Hæmorrhage following shortly after an opera