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any doubt whether or not death has taken place. The only condition at all likely to be confounded with it is that of catalepsy, which is most often associated with hysteria.

Shortly after death there may be a high rise of temperature, produced by chemical changes within the body, but it soon assumes the temperature of other inanimate objects, and the rigor mortis sets in-a peculiar stiffening of the muscles. As a rule, the sooner it comes on, the quicker it disappears, leaving the limbs quite lax. Before it takes place the body should be prepared for burial. Wash it with a weak solution of carbolic acid, or chlorinated soda, close the eyes, arrange the lips naturally, and smooth the hair. Bandage the jaw closely, and straighten the limbs, tying the feet together with a broad tape or a bandage. Stuff all the orifices of the body with absorbing cotton, to prevent discharges, and bind a cloth firmly around the hips, putting it on like a child's diaper. Over this can be any clothing desired; a clean night-dress or a simple shroud is more suitable than anything else. Cover face and all with a sheet. If the death occurs in a hospital ward, all this must, of course, be done behind screens. not send for the stretcher to remove the body until every thing is quite ready, and then have it taken away as quickly and quietly as possible. Have the door of the opposite ward closed. See that the patient's name is on the shroud.

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In a private house, the final arrangements will all be put into the hands of an undertaker, but it is quite likely the friends will wish you to superintend them, and perhaps even lay out the body. If it is to be kept for any length of time it must be packed in ice. After twenty-four hours on ice the body assumes a much more

natural appearance. Any slight discolorations can be made less conspicuous by dusting them over with toilet powder. After the body has been taken out, the room must be put in order, all the appliances of sickness removed, the bedding sent out to be disinfected, and the windows left wide open for twelve hours.

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND EXAMINATION.

CHAPTER I.-1. What is nursing? 2. Why is the subject one of general interest? 3. Why do nurses need special training? 4. What objection has been made? 5. Was this prejudice well founded? 6. Does it still exist? 7. What can you do to overcome it? 8. Is there any danger that a nurse will learn too much? 9. What should be the limit of her studies? 10. Name an essential point of difference between the trained and the untrained nurse. 11. Define health. Dis

ease.

15.

12. What is the tendency of nature? 13. What is the object of medical treatment? 14. What is the vocation of the nurse? Who will make the most successful nurses? 16. What is comprehended under nursing? 17. Can every good woman be trained into a good nurse? Why not? 18. What qualifications are important? 19. Is there such a thing as a natural gift for nursing? 20. How far is it valuable? 21. What class of women are most needed in the nursing field? 22. Is there room in this work for the exercise of much talent? 23. What traits are indispensable for a good nurse? 24. Which one do you consider most necessary? 25. What temperament is to be preferred? 26. What habits must be cultivated? 27. Name two classes of women unfit to become nurses. 28. For whom are the instructions in this book intended? 29. What is understood to be the first consideration of a nurse? 30. How may the duties of a nurse be classified? 31. Which duties take precedence? Why? 32. Do you owe anything to the school in which you are trained, after your direct connection with it ends? Why? 33. What duties do you owe to yourself? 34. Can you be released from these at your own will? 35. How are you to insure your permanent efficiency? 36. Specify some precautions that you should take. 37. Have you any duty toward

other members of your own profession? 38. What is your first duty to the doctor? 39. What is the extent of your responsibility? 40. Are you ever justified in digressing from the doctor's orders? When? 41. Mention some particular instance in which you would depart from your instructions. 42. Should your personal opinion, as to the orders given, in any way affect your fidelity in their execution? 43. If you are forced to act upon your own discretion, what should you always try to do? 44. Does loyalty to the doctor include anything beyond literal obedience? 45. In what other ways can you help him? 46. What should be the relation between you? 47. Is it ever right for you to conceal anything from the doctor? 48. If you make mistakes, what is to be done? 49. What are your duties toward the patient? 50. Can their limits be defined? 51. Name some necessities common to all cases. 52. How much attention is to be paid to your own appearance? 53. What style of dress is most suitable for a nurse? 54. What care do the hands require? 55. What should be the character of the touch? 56. If you have cold hands, how can you remedy it ? 57. What will you do if your patient objects to being made clean? 58. Is this ever likely to occur? 59. Is there any ground for the popular notion that clean clothes are unsafe? 60. What are you to do when your will conflicts with that of the patient? 61. Ought you ever to use positive authority? When? 62. How far may you yield to the patient's whims? 63. In what respect is amateur nursing apt to be faulty? 64. What advantage has a stranger in the sick-room? 65. What disadvantage? 66. Is there any danger that you will lack in tenderness, when you have no personal interest in the patient? 67. Is your professional interest in him as a "case" any safeguard against this? 68. What allowance can you make for an irritable and unreasonable invalid? 69. Can ill temper be regarded merely as a symptom? 70. How should diseased fancies be dealt with? 71. How can you be sure that they are unfounded? 72. What can you do toward keeping a patient's nerves in good condition? 73. Do you think it justifiable to conceal important matters from him? 74. What should you try to secure for him? 75. Upon what subjects should he be allowed to decide? 76. When you are in doubt yourself, whom are you to consult? 77. What should you endeavor to learn? 73. Why not nurse simply by rule? 79. Ought you to take advice from anybody else than the doctor? 80. About what matters? 81. Is it possible to be too self-reliant? 82. After your course of training is ended, will there be anything left for you to learn? 83. Where will you learn

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