ham, and rector of Barly in Hertfordshire. In the year 1641, he was nominated to the see of Exeter, and installed June 1, 1642, but the wars between the king and parlia ment did not allow him the enjoyment of his dignity. He was nominated one of the assembly of divines; and was vice-chancellor of the university of Cambridge in the year 1644, when the earl of Manchester visited it; and complied so far as to keep his mastership till the next year, when he was deprived for a sermon he preached upon the anniversary of his majesty's inauguration. He was no favorer of archbishop Laud's innovations; for while he was vicechancellor he sent for one of Mr. Barwick's pupils, and said to him, “I wonder your tutor, no ill man in other respects, does not yet abstain from that form of worship [bowing towards the East] which he knows is disagreeable to our excellent parliament, and not very acceptable to God himself; but be you careful to steer your course clear of the dangerous rock of every error, whether it savor of the impiety of arminianism, or of the superstition of popery."+ He was succeeded by Dr. Spurstow; and suffered in common with the rest of the bishops; but being a calvinist, and a person of great temper and moderation, he was allowed by the protector Cromwell to be a preacher at the Temple, in which employment he died, Dec. 7, 1659, about the sixty-seventh year of his age. Dr. Gauden says, Tillotson cultivated an acquaintance at his first coming to London. and by whose preaching and example he formed himself. His sermons were not exceeded by any published in that period; and they derived great advantage in the delivery, from the dignity of his person, and the justness of his elocution. Granger's History of England, vol. ii. p. 161, 8vo. Ed.

Dr. Grey neglects not to inform the reader, on the authority of Dr. Gauden, that bishop Brownrigge was tenacious of the doctrine, worship, devotion, and government of the church of England; "which, he said, he liked better and better as he grew older." He seems to have been very free in his advice to Cromwell: for when the protector, with some shew of respect to him, demanded his judgment in some public affairs, then at a nonplus, bishop Brownrigge, with his wonted gravity and freedom, replied, "My lord, the best counsel I can give you is that of our Saviour, Render unto Cæsar the things that are Cæsar's, and unto God the things that are God's:" with which free answer the protector rested, rather silenced than satisfied. Dr. Grey's Examination, vol. iii. p. 258. Ed. Life of Barwick, p.17.

he was a person of great candor, sweetness, gravity and solidity of judgment. He was consulted by Mr. Baxter, and others, in several points of controversy, and was indeed a most humble christian, and very patient under most severe fits of the stone, which were very acute and tedious for some time before his death.

The reverend Mr. Charles Herle, sometime prolocutor of the assembly of divines at Westminster, was born of honorable parents at Prideaux-Herle, near Lystwithyel in Cornwall, in the year 1598.* He was educated in Exeter college, Oxon. In the year 1618, he took the degrees in aris, and was afterwards rector of Winwick in Lancashire, one of the richest livings in England, and was always esteemed a puritan. When the wars broke out, he took part with the parliament, was elected one of the members of the assembly of divines, and upon the death of Dr. Twisse in 1646, was appointed prolocutor. After the king's death, be retired to his living at Winwick, and was in very high esteem with all the clergy in that country. In the year 1654, he was appointed one of the assistant commissioners for ejecting scandalous ministers, together with Mr. Isaac Ambrose and Mr. Gee. He was a moderate presbyterian, and left behind him some practical and controversial writ ings. Mr. Fuller says, he was so much of a christian, scholar, and gentleman, that he could agree in affection with those who differed from him in judgment. He died at his parsonage at Winwick in the sixty-first year of his age, and was buried in his own church, Sept. 29, 1659.

The reverend Mr. Thomas Cawton, born at Raynham in Norfolk, and educated in Queen's college, Cambridge; he was afterwards minister of Wivenhoe in Essex, 1637, and at last of St. Bartholomew behind the Exchange. He was (says the Oxford historian†) a learned and religious puritan, driven into exile for preaching against the murder of King Charles I. and for being in the same plot with Mr. Love, for raising money to supply the army of King Charles II. when he was coming into England to recover his right.

* Wood's Athene Oxon. vol. ii. p. 151-2.

Fuller's Worthies, p. 205.

† Wood's Athenæ Ox. vol. ii. p. 432.

He fled to Rotterdam, and became preacher to the English church there, where he died August 7, 1659, in the fiftyfourth year of his age.§

The new year [1660] began with the restoration of King Charles Ii. to the throne of his ancestors. The long par. liament dissolved themselves March 16, and while the people were busy in choosing a new one, general Monk was courted by all parties. The republicans endeavored to fix him for a commonwealth; the French ambassador offered him the assistance of France, if he would assume the gov. ernment either as king or protector, which, it is said, he would have accepted, if sir Anthony Ashley Cooper had not prevented it, by summoning him before the council, and keeping the doors locked till he had taken away the commissions from some of his most trusty officers, and given them to others of the council's nomination. But be this as it will, it is certain Monk had not as yet given the king any encouragement to rely upon him, though his majesty bad sent him a letter as long ago as July 21, 1659, by an express messenger, with the largest offers of reward.

The presbyterians were now in possession of the whole power of England; the council of state, the chief officers of the army and navy, and the governors of the chief forts and garrisons, were theirs; their clergy were in possession of both universities, and of the best livings in the kingdom. There was hardly a loyalist, or professed episcopalian, in any post of honor or trust; nor had the king any number of friends capable of promoting his restoration, for there was a disabling clause in the qualification act, that all who had been in arms against the long parliament, should be disqualified from serving in the next. The whole government therefore was with the presbyterians, who were shy of the independents as of a body of men more distant from

§ Mr. Cawton had few equals in learning and scarcely a superior in piety. Those great works the Polyglot Bible, and Dr. Castle's Polyglot Lexicon. owed much to his encouragement and exertions. It shewed a most deep seriousness of spirit, though probably mingled with superstitious notions of the Lord's supper, that he fainted, when he first received it; and he ever afterwards expressed, at that solemnity, the profoundest reverence and most elevated devotion. Granger's Hist. of England, vol. iii. 8vo. p. 47. Ed.

the church, and more inclined to a commonwealth. They were no less vigilant to keep out of parliament the repub licans of all sorts, some of whom, says Burnet,* ran about every where like men that were giddy or amazed, but their time was past. On the other hand, they secretly courted the episcopalians, who dispersed papers among the people, protesting their resolutions to forget all past injuries, and to bury all rancor, malice, and animosities, under the foundation of his majesty's restoration. "We reflect (say they) upon our sufferings as from the hand of God, and therefore do not cherish any violent thoughts or inclinations against any persons whatsoever who have been instrumental in them; and if the indiscretion of any particular persons shall transport them to expressions contrary to this general sense, we shall disclaim them." This was signed by eighteen noblemen, and about fifty knights and gentlemen.] Dr. Morley and some of his brethren met privately with the presbyterian ministers, and made large professions of lenity and moderation, but without descending to particu lars. The king and chancellor Hyde carried on the intrigue. The chancellor in one of his letters from Breda,dated April 20, 1660, says, that "the king very well approv ed that Dr. Morley and some of his brethren should enter into conferences, and have frequent conversation with the presbyterian party, in order to reduce them to such a tem per as is consistent with the good of the church; and it may be no ill expedient (says he) to assure them of present good preferments; but in my opinion you should rather eudeavor to win over those who, being recovered, will both have reputation, and desire to merit from the church, than be over-solicitous to comply with the pride and passion of those who propose extravagant things." Such was the spirit or professions of the church party, while they were decoying the others into the snare! The presbyteri an ministers did not want for cautions from the independents and others, not to be too forward in trusting their new

* History, vol. i. p. 123, 12mo.

+ Baxter, p. 216, 218. History of the Stuarts, p. 458. Kennet's Chron. p. 121, 144. Baxter's Life, part ii. p. 217 Life of Barwick, p. 525.

allies, but they would neither hear, see, or believe, till it was too late. They valued themselves upon their superior influence, and from an ambitious desire of grasping all the merit and glory of the restoration to themselves, they would suffer none, to act openly with them, but desired the episcopal clergy to lie still for fear of the people, and leave the conducting this great affair to the hands it was in.

Accordingly the presbyterian ministers wrote to their friends in their several counties, to be careful that men of republican principles might not be returned to serve in the next parliament, so that in some counties the elections fell upon men void of all religion. And in other places the people broke through the disabling cause. Dr. Barwicke says, they paid no regard to it; and Monk declared, that if the people made use of their natural rights in choosing whom they thought fit, without reserve, no injury should be done them. So that.when the houses met it was evident to all wise men it would be a court parliament.

But the Scots were more steady to the covenant, and sent over the reverend Mr. James Sharp, with the earls of Crawford and Lauderdale to Holland, humbly to put his majesty in mind, that the kirk of Scotland expected pro tection upon the footing of the presbyterian establishment, without indulgence to sectaries. Their brethren in the north of Ireland joined in the address to the same purpose: And some of the English presbyterians were of the same mind; ten of whom met the Scots commissioners at London, and made earnest applications to the general, not to restore the king, but upon the concessions made by his father in the Isle of Wight. But this was only the resolution of a few; the majority (says Mr.Sharp) were for moderate episcopacy, upon the scheme of archbishop Usher, and therefore willing to hearken to an accommodation with the church. Dr. Barwick adds,† "What the presbyterians aimed at, who were now superior to the independents, was, that all matters should be settled according to the treaty of the Isle of Wight," which gave the court a fair opportunity of refering all church matters to a conciliatory synod, the divines of each party to be summoned when the king should + Life, p. 256.

*

Kennet's Chron. p. 101, 104, 110: