At Balliol, Undergraduates may choose before admission, subject to the necessary limitation of the number of vacant rooms in College, to reside either in College or in lodgings. Those who reside in lodgings may either battel in College, or be wholly independent of the College in respect of their meals. In the latter case they may still, at their option, on giving notice to the manciple, dine in the College hall.

At Merton, Commoners reside in College for eight Terms at least.

At Exeter, Undergraduates, at the request of their parents or guardians, are allowed to reside in lodgings during their whole course. As a rule, all Undergraduates are required to go into lodgings after twelve Terms' residence.

At Oriel, Undergraduates, other than Scholars, as a rule, go into lodgings after eight Terms' residence in College.

At Queen's, Undergraduates may, with the consent, if they are under age, of their parents or guardians, obtain the leave of the College to reside in lodgings during their whole course. In ordinary cases, however, the College discourages parents and guardians from exposing young men at the outset of their University course to the additional risks involved in residence in lodgings. As a rule, Scholars and Exhibitioners may be required to go out of College after twelve Terms', Commoners after eight Terms', residence. Residents, whether in or out of College, are allowed complete freedom in regulating their own expenses with reference to their meals.

At New College, Commoners, whose parents or guardians desire it, are admitted to reside in lodgings during their whole term of residence. They are under no obligation to battel in College, but are allowed to do so, either partially or entirely, at the discretion of the College.

At Lincoln, the general rule is that Undergraduates reside in College for twelve Terms. The regulations as to dining in Hall apply equally to Undergraduates residing in College or in lodgings.

At Magdalen, both Commoners and Foundationers can obtain leave to reside in lodgings at any part of their course. Foundationers are usually allowed to occupy rooms in College until they have taken the degree of B.A. Commoners go out of College after eight Terms' residence.

At Brasenose, Scholars are required to reside in College for twelve Terms, and Commoners for at least eight Terms.

At Corpus, Commoners may be admitted either (1) to reside in College for a period varying from eight to twelve Terms from matriculation; or (2) to reside in lodgings but dine in the College hall and have other meals brought from the College.

At Christ Church, Undergraduates of less than twelve Terms' standing are allowed to reside out of College only in special cases. All Under-. graduates in residence are required to battel in College.

At Trinity, a limited number of Undergraduates are allowed to reside in lodgings.

At St. John's, Undergraduates, whose parents or guardians desire it, may occasionally obtain leave to reside in lodgings during their whole All Undergraduates are required to go into lodgings after twelve Terms' residence.

course.

At Jesus, all Undergraduates, except Scholars, usually go out of College after twelve Terms' residence.

At Wadham, Undergraduates may, under special circumstances, obtain permission to reside in lodgings during their whole course.

At Pembroke, Undergraduates are allowed, under special circumstances, to reside out of College, on condition of their attending the College Lectures, and, unless specially exempted, of their battelling in College and attending the College Chapel.

At Worcester, Undergraduates, under special circumstances, are allowed to reside in lodgings during their whole course. All Commoners, but not Scholars, go out of College, unless they obtain special permission to remain in, after twelve Terms' residence.

At Keble, no Undergraduates reside in lodgings.

At Hertford, no Undergraduates of under twelve Terms' standing, for whom there is room in College, are allowed to reside in lodgings, unless at the express request of their parents or guardians for special reasons to be approved by the College. But Commoners for whom rooms cannot be provided in College are allowed, with the consent of their parents or guardians, to begin their residence in lodgings, and are entitled to the first choice of rooms subsequently vacated in College.

At St. Mary Hall, Undergraduates may reside either in Hall or in lodgings, and may battel either wholly or partially in Hall. All Undergraduates are liable to be required to go into lodgings after eight Terms' residence in Hall.

At St. Edmund Hall, Undergraduates of less than twelve Terms' standing are allowed to reside in lodgings only under special circumstances. Those who do so are not required to battel in Hall, but may do so to whatever extent they think proper.

The nature of the discipline which is exercised by the University over its junior members has varied both with the increase in the average age of graduation and with the variations in the general habits of society. When the University took the place which is filled at present by the Public Schools, the Statute-book contained an elaborate series of minute prohibitory enactments, which had become practically obsolete long before they were

formally repealed, and of which but few traces now remain. At present the discipline, if not more lax, is at least compatible with a greater degree of freedom on the part of a student. The rules which are in force are neither numerous nor irksome. They concern chiefly (1) the wearing of the prescribed academical dress, (2) the non-frequenting of certain places, (3) the abstinence from certain practices, which are regarded as incompatible with the habits of a student.

1. Junior members of the University are required by the Statutes to wear a prescribed academical dress' quoties in publicum prodeunt.' This regulation has gradually been narrowed in practice, but the cap and gown are still required to be worn (1) before 1 P.M., and after sunset; (2) always within the precincts of the Schools, whether a student is or is not under examination; (3) at University Sermons; (4) in calling officially upon any officer of the University.

2. They are required to abstain from frequenting hotels or taverns, except for reasons to be approved by the Vice-Chancellor or Proctors.

of

3. They are not allowed to keep a horse or to drive a vehicle any kind except with the consent both of their College or Hall, and of the Proctors; nor to smoke in the streets; nor to engage in any games of chance; nor to take part in, or subscribe money for, horse-races or shooting-matches.

The punishments which are inflicted for a breach of any of these rules consist of (1) pecuniary fines, the amount of which is in some cases specified in the Statutes, but is more usually left to the discretion of the Vice-Chancellor or the Proctors; (2) rustication, i.e. banishment from the University for a definite period; (3) expulsion from the University.

§ 2. The Chancellor's Court.

By virtue of an ancient privilege, the existence of which has been repeatedly acknowledged by the highest Courts of Law, the University can claim exclusive jurisdiction in all matters, whether civil or criminal, to which its resident members are parties.

Offences of the gravest class fall under the cognisance of the High Steward or his deputy, but in practice the privilege of the High Steward has been seldom claimed, and all criminal

charges, in which a resident member of the University is concerned, are in the first instance brought before the Vice-Chancellor, who is by Royal Charter a Justice of the Peace for the counties of Oxford and Berks, and are either dealt with summarily or remitted by him to the ordinary Courts of Law for trial, as circumstances may require. All cases of debt and other civil actions fall under the cognisance of the Chancellor's Court, which is held in the Apodyterium of the Convocation House every Friday during Term, and in which, for the better administration of justice, the Chancellor, or Vice-Chancellor, is usually represented by a legal assessor, who must be a Bachelor or Doctor. of Civil Law. The procedure of this Court is assimilated to that of the County Courts, and the parties to a suit are usually represented by their 'Proctors,' that is, by certain Masters of Arts or Bachelors of Civil Law or Attorneys or Barristers-at-law, who have been admitted to practise in the Court. The Court has the power not only of imposing Academical penalties, such as rustication and expulsion, but also of distraint and imprisonment.

§ 3. College Discipline.

To some extent the discipline of a College or Hall covers the same ground as that of the University; but it differs from it inasmuch as from the nature of the case it is more domestic in its character, allowing in some respects of closer restraint, and in others of greater elasticity. Every College and Hall has its own special code, and its own special mode of administering it; but there are certain general regulations which, with slight varieties of detail, are common to almost all Colleges and Halls, and which can therefore be stated here.

(1) All Undergraduates are required to begin their residence in each Term on a certain day, to reside during the prescribed length of time (usually eight weeks), and not to leave Oxford without having obtained leave from the Head or Vicegerent of their College or Hall.

(2) They are required, unless specially exempted, to attend certain lectures. The number of lectures thus required varies so much that no general rule can be laid down, but when once

an Undergraduate has been requested to attend a particular course he must, under pain of censure, either attend, or send a valid excuse to the Lecturer.

(3) They are usually expected, but not compelled, to attend the chapel of the College or Hall at least once a day, a certain proportion of such attendances being at morning chapel; but in some Colleges presence at Roll-call a specified number of mornings is accepted as an alternative. At the Halls the rules as to attendance at chapels are prescribed by the Statuta Aularia of the University; they are to the effect that in every Hall prayers out of the Book of Common Prayer must be read every day, and that all members of the Hall must attend. But in both Colleges and Halls those who are not members of the Church of England are in all cases exempted.

(4) The gates of Colleges and Halls are usually closed at 9.10 P.M. (at Christ Church 9.15 P.M., at Keble College 9 P.M., at St. Mary Hall 10 P.M.): after that hour no one is allowed, without special permission, to leave his College or Hall, and a small fine is imposed upon those who come in. Lodging-house keepers are required to close their doors at 10 P.M., and to keep a list of all who go out or come into their houses after that hour. No Undergraduate is allowed to remain out of either College or lodgings after midnight without the special permission of the Head of his College or Hall: and any Undergraduate who without leave passes a night away from his College or his lodgings, renders himself liable to a severe penalty.

(5) Undergraduates are not allowed to enter their names for University Examinations without the consent of their Tutor: they are usually required to pass such Examinations within certain prescribed limits of time; and they are usually also required to pass certain examinations in the College or Hall itself.

At University, Responsions must be passed within the first two Terms. All Undergraduate members of the College are required to read for Honours in some one Final School, and, unless specially permitted to do otherwise, for Honours in either Classics or Mathematics at Moderations.

At Balliol, all Undergraduates are required to read for Honours in some Final School, and all University Examinations must be passed, unless special permission be given to do otherwise, at the earliest