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Wadham, Pembroke, Worcester, Keble, and Hertford Colleges in respect of certain lectures for the School of Theology: these lectures are free also to members of St. Edmund Hall and to Non-Collegiate Students.

(7) Between Oriel and Lincoln Colleges, also between Queen's College and St. Edmund Hall, in respect of all subjects of University Examination.

Any member of the Colleges which have entered into these several combinations is free to attend any lectures which are given by the lecturers who have entered into the combination. Other members of the University, whether they are or are not attached to a College or Hall, are also usually admitted to these lectures on the application of their Tutors, and on payment of a fee which varies from £1 to £3 35.

§ 3. Of Private Tuition.

Before the recent extension of Professorial and College teaching most candidates for University Honours were practically compelled to avail themselves of private help. This help was given, partly by College Tutors during the hours which were not employed in College lectures, partly by other resident Graduates. Many of the most distinguished members of the University were thus employed, and much of the best teaching was only thus to be obtained. But although there are still some cases in which a candidate for Honours may find it advisable to supplement in this way the help which he can derive from public sources, private tuition is no longer practically indispensable to the attainment of high distinction.

For students of another class private tuition prevails to an even greater extent than formerly. Nearly all the instruction which is given by College Tutors to candidates for ordinary degrees is necessarily adapted to the average requirements of such candidates and consequently those students who, from defective preliminary training or other causes, fall below the average standard of attainment, usually require more full and individual help than College Tutors afford. This help is more necessary on first entrance than afterwards: and it is often a mistaken economy not to seek it.

For whatever purpose a private Tutor be required, it is very desirable that a student should seek the advice of his College Tutor or of the Censor of Non-Collegiate Students, before selecting one. Among private Tutors are many Graduates of high attainments and wide experience, but it should be remembered that the attainment of academical distinction is not always an indication of the power of communicating knowledge, and also that where a subject of study has many branches it is not always easy for a student to find out without guidance the particular branch in which a particular Tutor excels.

The fee of a private Tutor has been for a long time fixed by custom at £20 for an hour's lecture on six days in the week for eight weeks, or £10 for an hour's lecture on three days in the week. Some private Tutors receive their pupils in small classes, the fee for which varies with both the particular Tutor and the particular subject of study.

II. OF INSTITUTIONS IN AID OF TEACHING.

Oxford has long been singularly rich in the means of acquiring literary information; it has lately become rich also in the means of acquiring scientific knowledge. It is less rich in Antiquities and objects of Art; but what it does possess is both interesting and valuable. Most of these means, whether literary, scientific, or artistic, are readily accessible to all members of the University.

§ 1. The Bodleian Library.

The Bodleian Library consists partly of the original collection of the founder (Sir Thomas Bodley), partly of collections which have been from time to time bequeathed to the University, partly of copies of every copyright work published in England, and partly of purchased books and MSS. It contains at present between 400,000 and 450,000 volumes (above 1,000,000 separate printed works), and about 25,000 manuscripts.

For purposes of reading it is divided into two parts.

(1) The Library proper, which contains the greater part of the collection, is open from 9 A.M. to 3 P.M. in January, November,

and December, from 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. in February, March, August, September, and October, and from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. in April, May, June, and July. It is entirely closed on Sundays, on the Epiphany, from Good Friday to the end of Easter-week, on Ascension-day, on the Monday and Tuesday in Whitsun-week, on Commemoration-day, on the first seven days of October, on November 7 and 8, and from December 24 to January 1 inclusive. On week-days on which a University sermon is preached it is not opened until the sermon is concluded.

(2) The Camera Radcliviana, which occupies the building originally erected for Dr. Radcliffe's Library, is open on every day on which the Library itself is open, but for longer hours, viz. from 10 A.M. to 10 P.M.: but it is not necessarily closed when the Library proper is closed. It contains most of the additions to the Bodleian Library since A.D. 1850, and also a large number of standard works of reference, especially upon the leading subjects of academical study. On its tables are the current numbers of the chief periodicals, literary, scientific, and religious, both British and foreign, and many of its shelves are accessible to all readers without the necessity of making a formal application for each book. With certain exceptions, any book which is contained in the Bodleian Library may be read in the Camera, if application be made on one of the written forms provided for the purpose: a student who begins his reading in the Library proper, but wishes to continue it at an hour when that building is closed, may, on giving notice, have his books transferred to the Camera: and a student who wishes to continue his reading of particular books from day to day can reserve them by a written slip of paper.

Both the Library proper and the Camera Radcliviana are open to readers on the same conditions: that is to say,

(1) All Graduates whose names are retained on the books of the University are admitted as of right.

(2) Undergraduates are admitted, if there be sufficient accommodation, on presenting a written recommendation from their Tutor, to be countersigned by the Librarian.

(3) Strangers are admitted, with the same reservation, on presenting a written recommendation from a Graduate of the University, or on other sufficiently respectable introduction.

(Strangers who wish not to use but merely to view the Library are admitted, without introduction, on payment of a small fee to the attendant.)

All readers in the Library are required to consult the catalogue, and write down the pressmark and short title of any book they require. This requirement does not however extend to the books of reference (dictionaries, encyclopædias, &c.) in either part of the Library, or to the Select Cases at the Camera. Those who experience a difficulty in finding any books which they may require will find the Librarian and his assistants ready to give them efficient help.

No MS. can be copied and published without the leave of the Librarian or the Curators: and no volume may be removed from the reading room without the special permission of the Curators.

The catalogues accessible to the student are as follows:

I. CATALOGUES OF PRINTED BOOKS.

1. The General Catalogue, in which the full titles of every edition of an author which the Library possesses are arranged in order under the author's name.

A Subject Catalogue is in process of preparation in which the same titles are being arranged under the several departments of knowledge to which they refer.

For special subjects, the special catalogues mentioned below should also be consulted.

2. The Catalogus Dissertationum Academicarum, i.e. a list of about 43,000 dissertations, chiefly foreign and of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries, which were purchased in Germany in 1827.

3. The Catalogue of the Gough Collection, which consists of about 3,700 volumes, (1) of maps and topographical prints [of these a more detailed account exists in MS.], (2) of books and MSS. relating to the general, ecclesiastical, and county topography of Great Britain and Ireland, (3) of books and MSS. bearing on Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian literature, (4) of early English service-books.

4. The Catalogue of the Douce Collection, which consists of 16,840 printed volumes, besides MSS., prints, and charters. The collection is especially rich in history, antiquities, Bibles and liturgical works, early English and French literature, and illuminated MSS.

5. The Catalogue of the Hope Collection, which consists of 760 specimens of English newspapers and essayists, chiefly of the eighteentli century. (This is also incorporated in the Catalogue of Periodicals, Part I, mentioned below.)

6. The Catalogue of the Oppenheim Collection, which consists of about 4,300 printed works, and 780 MSS., all relating to Hebrew litera

ture.

7. The Catalogue of the Malone Collection, which is of great value for the English Drama of the Sixteenth and early Seventeenth centuries. 8. A Catalogue of Periodicals: Part I (English), Part III (Foreign).

II. CATALOGUES OF MSS.

The general catalogue is in course of completion, and nine parts have already been published: they are as follows:

1. Codices Græci: a catalogue of all the Greek MSS. in the Library which are not included in the special collections mentioned below.

2. Codices Laudiani: a catalogue of the Latin Biblical and Classical, and of the Miscellaneous MSS. of the collections given by Archbishop Laud. The Greek MSS. of the same collection are described in the catalogue of Codices Græci, and the Oriental in the various catalogues enumerated below.

3. Codices Græci et Latini Canoniciani: a catalogue of part of the Canonici collection. The catalogue of the Italian MSS. of the same collection is mentioned below. A MS. catalogue of the Liturgical MSS. has recently been made.

4. Codices Thomæ Tanner: a catalogue of the series of papers relating to the civil war and to the ecclesiastical history of the seventeenth century which was bequeathed to the Library by Bishop Tanner.

5. Codicum R. Rawlinson classes tres priores: a catalogue in two volumes of (1) the Thurloe State Papers, the Miscellaneous Papers of Samuel Pepys, the Bridgeman MSS., with some others, (2) MSS. relating to heraldry, genealogy, English and Irish history, and topography, (3) Theology and miscellanies. Of a considerable portion of the other MSS. which were bequeathed to the Library by Dr. Rawlinson a catalogue exists in MS.; they chiefly relate to the literary history of the seventeenth century.

6. Codices Syriaci :
7. Codices Ethiopici :

8. Codices Sanscritici :

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Complete catalogues of all the Syriac,
Ethiopic, and Sanskrit MSS. in the
Library.

9. Catalogus Codicum Kenelmi Digby: a catalogue of the miscellaneous MSS. presented by Sir Kenelm Digby in A.D. 1634.

10. Catalogus Codicum Hebraicorum: a catalogue of all the Hebrew MSS. in the Library. This will be published in the present year (1885). A catalogue of Persian MSS. is in course of formation.

The special catalogues are as follows: some of them have been wholly or partially incorporated in the general catalogue: :

1. Catalogus Codd. MSS. Orientalium Bibl. Bodl. This catalogue was published in three parts, in the years 1788, 1821, and 1835 respectively. The two latter parts, which contain the catalogue of the Arabic MSS., are complete; but the Syriac, Æthiopic, Hebrew, Persian, and Sanskrit

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