.

possible, together, and distinct from other groups. Of reptiles a considerable proportion was part of the large gifts of the Rev. F. W. Hope of Christ Church, including the fine series of Chelonida collected by Professor Bell: Dr. Gunther has examined a considerable number of the Batrachians, Lacertians, Ophidians, and Crocodilians—very many specimens being preserved in spirits, in the South Upper Corridor. In the central aisle of the Court are cabinets containing a general collection of the shells of Mollusca, mostly presented by Admiral Sir T. Wilson and Lady Wilson (these are arranged in natural groups, numbered and catalogued); also a large cabinet in which the ornithological collection of bird-skins is arranged, including a collection from Borneo recently given by Mr. Treacher.

There is a distinct collection of British Vertebrata, including fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammalia, in the upper north corridor, which also contains a very valuable collection of Arctic birds presented by John Barrow, Esq., and a collection of birds' nests. Among the British birds are especially to be noticed many groups of young birds. Large and valuable collections of British shells, presented by Sir Walter Trevelyan and the late Mr. Barlee, are placed in a room on the north side of the building. Special collections, including eggs of British birds, shells of Madeira, and shells of the vicinity of Oxford, are arranged in glazed drawers under the general collection of shells.

In a distinct cabinet, Echinodermata appear in two main groups-Echinida and Asterida—and the series is closed by a collection of Corals, Gorgoniæ, and Spongiadæ, labelled and catalogued.

The collections of articulated animals and the Entomological Library are placed in rooms in the South Upper Corridor of the Museum. The collection of insects, both British and foreign, also presented to the University by the Rev. F. W. Hope (to which constant additions are being made from a special grant bequeathed by the same donor), is one of the largest in existence, and in some of the groups is unsurpassed in any other museum. The collection of Economic Entomology, formed by Mr. Westwood, the present Professor of Zoology, is of very large extent; portions of it are exhibited in glazed cases in the large Insectroom and in the Corridor.

The rich collection of Crustacea formed by Professor Bell is also here preserved, having been presented to the University by Mr. Westwood on his appointment to the Professorship of Zoology. Large collections of Crustacea, Arachnida, Insecta, and Marine Invertebrata, in spirits, are preserved in the wallcases of the Insect-room and Corridor.

The Entomological Library of the Rev. F. W. Hope is very extensive, and is open to students on application to the Professor.

8. DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.

The Anatomical Laboratory is open daily throughout Term time, from 10A.M. to 5 P.M., for practical instruction in Human and Comparative Anatomy, under the superintendence of the Professor and the Demonstrators. Those students who have not received any previous instruction in the subject usually begin by making a study of the anatomy of the rabbit, at the same time learning the use of the microscope and the elements of histology. When sufficiently advanced, those who intend to offer Animal Morphology as their subject for the Final Honours School join the Professor's practical class of Comparative Anatomy.

A course of lectures on elementary Comparative Anatomy lasting over two Terms is given by the Demonstrator of Comparative Anatomy; this is intended for beginners and for those who are making Physiology their special subject.

The Professor lectures three days in the week on Comparative Anatomy, and after his lectures superintends a course of practical instruction on the anatomy of a series of typical animals numbering about ninety in all, specimens of all of which are provided for dissection by the students attending the course. Students further devote a certain amount of their time to the study of the series of anatomical collections contained in the Museum.

Instruction in Practical Human Anatomy is given by the Demonstrator daily. Members of the University who wish to begin the study of any branch of Anatomy should call on the Professor on the first Monday in Term, between II A.M. and I P.M.

A period of at least two years is necessary for the acquirement of an adequate knowledge of the subjects of the Honours School of Animal Morphology.

Courses of lectures on various branches of Animal Morphology are given each Term by the Lee's Reader in Anatomy and several College Lecturers. These are thrown open to all Members of the University, and arrangements are made whereby they complete the course of study required for the Final Honours Examination.

9. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY.

Lectures are given by the Waynflete Professor three times a week during each Term, on (1) the mechanical functions of the body, (2) the chemical functions of the body, (3) the functions of the nervous system. The course extends over six Terms.

Practical instruction is given by the Professor and by Mr. F. Gotch, B.Sc. London; practical instruction in Physiological Chemistry is given by Mr. Laws, F.C.S. In Histology, lectures are given and practical work superintended by Mr. Dixey, M.A., B.M.

Both courses are adapted to the requirements of Students of Medicine, as well as to those of Undergraduates who desire to take honours in the Natural Science School.

10. DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE.

The University has not at present undertaken to develop teaching in the technical applications of the Natural Sciences, and has not therefore a practical Medical School, any more than a practical Engineering School. It has, however, been thought desirable to form in the Museum a Department connected with Medicine, as being necessary for a philosophical view of Biological Science. This department illustrates generally the study—(1) of the ways in which the healthy structures of living beings become unhealthy; (2) of the modes of preventing the tendencies to ill-health, or death; (3) of the principles by which injuries may be repaired; and (4) of the several ways in which life is brought to a close.

The arrangements for these ends, though for the reason just

stated much less extensive than those of a complete Medical School, include—

1. A Pathological Museum, consisting of about 1000 specimens, and comprising the collection of Schroeder van der Kolk, that of the present Regius Professor, and others.

This is divided into two parts, arranged according to the divisions of the Hunterian Collection. The first part illustrates the general forms of disease, and the second local diseases. It aims at showing these processes in animals generally as well as in man, and so is to be counted a continuation of the Biological series in the Court, also arranged on the plan of the Hunterian Collection.

The collection is catalogued, and may be studied by leave of the Professor. Pathological Books are to be found either in the Pathological Museum itself, or in the Radcliffe Library.

2. An Instrument Room.-In this apartment are being collected instruments of Diagnosis, Ophthalmoscopes, Optometers, the Phacoidoscope, Laryngoscopes, Sphygmographs, &c.

The room can be darkened for the use of the reflecting instruments. Members of the University desiring to use them are to apply to the Professor or to his Deputy.

In this room the Radcliffe Artist may be consulted as to instruction in Anatomical Drawing, Natural History Drawing, or the mode of drawing Diagrams.

The Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine.-The Regius Professor attends on certain days, which are announced in the University Gazette, to advise members of the University on subjects connected with the department. From time to time the Professor takes members of the University to inspect localities in town or country, for instruction in Sanitary defects and remedies, and in the general elements of Sanitary knowledge.

Students of Medicine. For the purpose of enabling Students of Medicine to begin professional study in Oxford a Lectureship on Human Anatomy has been founded. The holder of this office is to lecture and give practical instruction in accordance with the requirements of the Professional Examining Boards.

Undergraduates who intend to enter the Medical Profession should be registered as 'Medical Students' immediately after

passing the Preliminary Examination in the Honour School of Natural Science.

Application for this purpose is to be made to the Registrar of the General Medical Council, 299 Oxford Street, London, W.

§ 7. The Botanic Garden.

1. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY.

The Botanic Garden, formerly known as the Physic Garden, was founded in the year 1622 through the munificence of Henry, Earl of Danby. It was the first piece of public ground set apart in this country for the scientific study of plants.

The material now existing in it for instruction or research may be described under the following heads:

1. The Garden, containing collections of living plants.

2. The Herbarium, containing collections of dried plants.

3. The Museum, containing collections of such parts of plants as cannot conveniently be incorporated with the Herbarium. 4. The Laboratory, containing apparatus for the study of Physiological Botany.

1. The Garden.-The Gardens, which are open from six in the morning till six in the evening in summer, or till sunset in winter, contain collections of both hardy and tender plants. Of the former, those within the walls are for the most part arranged in beds illustrative of the natural orders; but on the plot of ground outside the walls, facing the south-west, about five hundred of the more common wild flowers have been arranged in rows to illustrate the British genera. This Generic Garden has been laid out with the view to assist the student, who, upon application to the Professor, will have leave to gather for himself such specimens as he may need, and may be further supplied with special opportunities for carrying on his examination of them.

The more tender plants are preserved in conservatories. These are not open to the public, on account of the narrowness of the passages leading through them; but any student, upon application, will have the same opportunities afforded him for