the time the subject is announced have passed the Examinations necessary for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

[The Arnold and Stanhope Historical Essay Prizes are mentioned above, p. 73.]

10. LANGUAges.

(1) Boden Sanskrit Scholarships. These are four in number: one is awarded every Hilary Term after an examination in Sanskrit: the emoluments are £50 per annum for four years. Candidates must be matriculated members of a College or Hall who on the day of election have not exceeded their twenty-fifth year. The holders of the Scholarships are required to keep their names on the books of a College or Hall, to keep a statutable residence of three Terms in each year, to attend the lectures of the Boden Professor, and to satisfy him at the end of each Term of their proficiency in the Sanskrit language.

(2) Kennicott Hebrew Scholarships. These are two in number, awarded in Michaelmas Term. The Senior Scholarship is open to members of the University, who on the first day of the Term in which the Scholarship is awarded have passed the examinations needed for the degree of B.A. and have not exceeded twelve years from matriculation. It is awarded every alternate year, and is tenable for two years: the emolument is £120, half paid upon election to the candidate, whose essay (on a subject connected with the Hebrew language and literature, and approved by the Regius Professor of Hebrew) is deemed by the electors of sufficient merit, and the remainder so soon as the Scholar shall have published this essay. The Junior Scholarship is open to members of the University, who on the first day of the Term in which the Scholarship is awarded have passed the examinations needed for the degree of B.A., and have not exceeded thirty Terms from matriculation. It is awarded each year, and is tenable for one year on condition that the Scholar reside seven weeks during both Michaelmas and Hilary Terms, and seven weeks between the first day of Easter Term and the twenty-first day of Trinity Term: the emolument is £120 paid in three equal instalments.

(3) Pusey and Ellerton Hebrew Scholarships. These are four in number: two are awarded every Michaelmas Term: the emolu

ments are £40 per annum for two years, subject to the condition that every Scholar shall reside not less than seven weeks in the Michaelmas and Hilary Terms respectively of each year, and seven weeks in the Easter and Trinity Terms of some one of those two years, and that during such periods of residence he shall pursue his studies in Hebrew and the cognate languages under the direction of the Professor of Hebrew. Candidates must be members of the University who have not exceeded fourteen Terms from matriculation, or twenty-five years of age 1. The subjects of examination are Hebrew and other Semitic languages, together with the application of Hebrew to the illustration of the New Testament. This Scholarship must be vacated if the Scholar obtain the Kennicott Scholarship.

(4) Taylorian Scholarship and Exhibition. These are awarded every Michaelmas Term, and are of the value of £50 and £25 respectively for one year. Candidates must be members of the University who have not exceeded the twenty-third Term from their matriculation. The subject of examination is some one or more of the languages taught within the Taylor Institution, comparative philology as applied to the same, and the literature of such selected language or languages. The particular language for examination is fixed from year to year.

(5) Chinese Scholarship. This is awarded every alternate year, after an examination in the Chinese language and literature, and is of the value of £50 per annum for two years, subject to the condition that the Scholar shall reside not less than seven weeks in each Term, and that he shall pursue his studies in Chinese under the advice and supervision of the Professor of Chinese. The Electors have power, in case no candidate satisfies them in the examination for the Scholarship, to grant the annual stipend of £50, or any less sum, under the name of an Exhibition, to any person who shall be certified to them as desirous of pursuing the study of Chinese.

[The Syriac Prize is mentioned above under the heading of Divinity Prizes, p. 75.]

1 Till the year 1889 'Candidates must be members of the University under the degrees of M.A. or B.C.L., or persons who having taken those degrees have not exceeded twenty-five years of age.'

II. COLLEGE FELLOWSHIPS.

[The following pages do not contain a complete digest of the Statutes relating to all the Fellowships in every College; they profess to give only such information as may be useful to any person who intends to be a Candidate for a Fellowship, as well as to any person who wishes for a career in Oxford as a member of the educational staff of any College.]

In the Statutes framed for the various Colleges1 by the late University Commissioners, and approved by the Queen in Council in 1882, Fellowships are as a general rule divided into (1) Ordinary, or Non-Official, or Non-Tutorial, and (2) Official, or Tutorial. (1) Ordinary Fellowships :

In almost every College, Candidates must have passed all Examinations required for the degree of B.A., and must be unmarried; also they must not possess more than a certain specified income (generally £500 a year), from any benefice, property, pension, or office.

The election is made after an Examination in some branch of knowledge recognised in the Schools of the University.

The yearly emolument of every such Fellowship is £2002, together with, in most cases, rooms rent free and an allowance for dinner in Hall. The tenure is for seven years.

These Fellowships are offered as rewards for proficiency in the various subjects studied in the University. The holders of them are under no obligation to reside3, or to remain unmarried after election, or to serve their Colleges in any capacity. They remain Probationer Fellows for one year*; till the expiration of which time, and also in several instances till the completion of a certain amount of residence, they are not entitled to take any part in the government of their Colleges.

(2) Official Fellowships :—

These are mainly intended to be held by members of the Educational Staff in each College; but they are also in many cases tenable by other College officers.

The yearly emolument is generally £200, besides rooms rent free,

1 Lincoln College remains as yet subject to its previous Statutes: and Keble and Hertford Colleges are unaffected by the recent legislation. 2 At Worcester College from £150 to £200 a year, as the state of the College revenues will allow.

3 At Christ Church leave of absence must be applied for. * Except at University College, for six months.

and in most cases an allowance for dinner in Hall. An official Fellow, being Tutor, receives annually in addition a sum varying in different Colleges1 from £50 to £150 paid out of the Corporate Revenues, together with such a sum paid out of the Tuition Fund as may be from time to time awarded.

The length of tenure varies from two years to fifteen; but the holder may always be re-appointed for successive periods varying from fifteen years to five.

An Official Fellow, who has been on the Educational Staff of his College for a certain specified term of years, is eligible for, and in some cases is entitled to, a pension calculated according to the length of his service, but in no case exceeding £400 a year. An allowance may always be made in cases of compulsory retirement owing to illness.

An Official Fellow is in some cases entitled, and may in other cases be permitted, to continue to hold his Fellowship after marriage, provided that there be resident within the College a specified number, varying from two to six, of unmarried Fellows.

Clerical Fellowships :

By these it is intended to make provision, in certain Colleges, for the religious instruction of the Undergraduates and for the due performance of Divine Service. There must be at least one in Balliol, Brasenose, Exeter, Jesus, Oriel, Pembroke, Queen's, St. John's, Trinity, University, and Worcester Colleges: at least two in Magdalen College: at least three in Christ Church.

In All Souls, Corpus Christi, Merton, New, and Wadham Colleges it is not required by Statute that any Fellow should be in Holy Orders, but it is provided that one of the Fellows may hold the office of Divinity Lecturer or Chaplain.

University.

The number of Fellowships is to be thirteen, inclusive of the Stowell Civil Law Fellowship.

Candidates must have passed the Examinations for the B.A. degree, and must be unmarried: there is a property disqualifi

1 In Oriel and Wadham Colleges no additional payment is made out of the Corporate Revenues, but a definite stipend is payable out of the Tuition Fund.

cation. But these requirements may be dispensed with in four cases, if the services of the Fellow be required as Prælector, Tutor, or Chaplain.

Thrice at least in every twelve elections the examination is to be in the subjects recognised in one or more of the Final Schools other than that of Literæ Humaniores.

The Stowell Civil Law Fellowship is open to any one who has passed the usual Examinations and has not completed the twentyeighth Term from his matriculation: it is awarded after an examination in Jurisprudence, Roman or Civil Law, and such other subjects as the College may determine on each occasion.

Every Fellow vacates his Fellowship at the end of seven years from election or re-election, subject to certain provisions and exceptions, viz. :-such number of Fellows (not exceeding six) as the Master and Fe ows shall determine holding either of the offices of Prælector, or Tutor, and a Chaplain Fellow, may continue to hold their Fellowships so long only as they reside and serve the College; two Fellows, but not more at any one time, may have the tenure of their Fellowships prolonged for a period not exceeding two years, provided that they have been for that period resident and employed in the educational work of the College; a Fellow engaged in some approved and specified work of literature, science, art, or research at the time when he vacates his Fellowship may be re-elected for successive periods of seven years under the same conditions; a Fellow appointed by the University to a Readership or Lectureship may be continued in his Fellowship for successive periods of five years or less under the same conditions.

A Prælector, or Tutor, is appointed on the nomination of the Tutorial Committee for a period not exceeding twelve years, and may be re-appointed for similar successive periods.

The yearly emolument of every Fellowship is £200; and in addition a Prælector or Tutor (if among the number of those determined as above by the Master and Fellows) is entitled to (1) £100 out of the Corporate Revenue, (2) such payment out of the Tuition Fund as may be allotted to him.

So long as there are resident within the College two unmarried Fellows being Prælectors or Tutors, a Fellow who has held the office of Prælector or Tutor for seven years may marry and yet