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Associated with Professor Goddard in the date of his appointment, in much of his academical career, was Professor Romeo Elton, D.D., who was at the head of the department of ancient languages and literature. He was a native of Connecticut, and became a graduate of the University in 1812. He was settled for several years as a clergyman of the Baptist denomination in Newport, R. I., and in 1825 was appointed to the professorship. Before entering on its duties he spent two years in Europe, especially in Germany and Italy. He continued in the college till 1843, when he resigned, and has since resided in Exeter, England, in retirement from active pursuits. His published works, besides several sermons, are Callender's Century Sermon, edited with copious notes, and biographical sketches; the Works of President Maxcy, with an Introductory Memoir; and more recently a Biographical Sketch of Roger Williams, which was first published in England.

Since 1844 Professor John L. Lincoln has been at the head of the department of the Latin language and literature. He was born in Boston, and early trained at its celebrated Latin school. He became a graduate of the University in 1836, and after holding the office of tutor for two years, passed a considerable period at the universities of Berlin, Heidelberg, and Halle, in Germany, and on his return in 1844 was appointed to the professorship he now fills. His published works, in addition to numerous articles in reviews, are an edition of Selections from Livy's Roman History, with English notes, and an edition of the Works of Horace, both of which are extensively used and in high repute.

Professor William Gammell was a graduate of the class of 1831, and was soon afterwards appointed to the Latin tutorship. In 1835 he was appointed instructor in the department of rhetoric, and was promoted to the professorship in that department in 1836, a post which he continued to occupy till 1850, when he was appointed to the professorship of History and Political Economy, which he now holds. He has published, besides numerous articles in reviews, an Address before the Rhode Island Historical Society on the occasion of the Opening of its Cabinet; Life of Roger Williams, first printed in Sparks's American Biography, Second Series; Life of Governor Samuel Ward, also in Sparks's Second Series; and a History of American Baptist Missions.

The library of this institution, now a munificent collection, dates mainly since the Revolution, at the period immediately following which its interests were maintained by the gifts and personal exertions of John Brown, the brother of Nicholas, whose donations we have mentioned. Some thirteen hundred volumes were bequeathed in 1818 by an English Baptist clergyman, the Rev. William Richards, of Lynn, a native of Wales, who gave his library to the college, after assuring himself of its liberal constitution. He was the author of a History of Lynn, in England, a Review of Noble's Cromwell Memoirs, and a Dictionary of Welsh and English. His library, thus given to the college, contained a number of Welsh books, many illustrating the History and Antiquities of England and Wales, and two or three hundred bound volumes of rare pamphlets. ConVOL. I.-34

stant donations were now heaped upon the college shelves from various sources, including a collection of gifts brought by Professor Elton from Europe. The Hon. Theron Metcalf, of Boston, gave a valuable series of fifty volumes of Ordination Sermons, which he had specially collected. In 1853 there were in the library more than thirtyfive hundred pamphlets bound and catalogued, an important provision in public collections often neglected. In 1831 Nicholas Brown laid the foundation of the present library fund by a gift of ten thousand dollars. The institution has now a permanent fund of twenty-five thousand dollars, the interest of which, applied to the increase of the library, has stored it with many of the most costly and valuable books to be found in the country. A special collection of the Church Fathers and writers of the Reformation period was added to the library in 1847, at an expense of two thousand dollars, obtained at the suggestion of the Rev. Samuel Osgood. The gathering of American historical materials has also been faithfully pursued. A liberal policy is pursued in the conduct of the library. Reuben Aldridge Guild is the present librarian (in 1855), having succeeded Charles C. Jewett, in 1848.*

By the Triennial Catalogue of the University of 1852, it appears that the whole number of graduates to that time was 1784, of whom 1173 were living. Of these 477 pursued divinity, of whom 325 were living.

JOSIAS LYNDON ARNOLD.

The

JOSIAS LYNDON, the son of Dr. Jonathan Arnold, was born in Providence in the year 1765. family removed soon after to St. Johnsbury, Vt. Arnold entered Dartmouth College; on the completion of his course taught school for a few months in Plainfield, Conn., and then commenced the study of the law in Providence. He was admitted to practice, but instead of pursuing his profession, accepted the office of tutor at Brown University. On his father's death in 1792, he removed to St. Johnsbury, where he married Miss Perkinson, March, 1795, and died after a ten-weeks' illness on the 7th June, 1796.

His poems were collected after his death in a small volume, with a biographical preface signed James Burrell, jun. The editor has performed his duties carelessly, as he has included a poem entitled The Dying Indian, which is to be found in Frencau's Poems, ed. 1795, p. 59. The remaining contents of the volume consist of translations and imitations of Horace, one of which is in the style of Sternhold and Hopkins.

It was published in the "Dartmouth Eagle," accompanied by a note.

MR. DUNHAM,—

I am an admirer of the simplicity of Sternhold and Hopkins; and am happy to find that, even in this enlightened age, those venerable bards of antiquity have not only ambitious imitators, but even formidable rivals. If the following translation has any claim to excellence in this neat style, you are

* Mr. Jewett's Smithsonian Report of the U. S. Public Libraries (1850) contains a full notice of the University Libraries, pp. 58-61. See also its history in the preface to its catalogue.

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Of fame a mighty monument

In time erect will I,

Than brass more hard and durable,
Or eke eternity.

Sublimer-O far more sublime,

Than pyramids full high,

That stretch their tops, and all upon
Fair Egypt's plain do lie.

Not Boreas, from out the north

Rude rushing all so bold,

Nor rain, nor wind, that round doth roar,
Nor age that's yet untold:

Nor yet of time, full swift that flies,
The tooth devour shall never;
For stand shall this same monument,
Like rocks and mountains, ever.
This PART of ME survive shall still,
And stay behind for aye;
The OTHER-Proserpine I ween

Right soon will drag away.

These are followed by a number of short poems descriptive of scenery, a humorous eclogue, and a few songs. The topics are almost entirely American, and drawn from the writer's own observation. They are to be regarded as the recreations of a youthful scholar, the light in which their author held them; as he before his death contemplated their publication under the title of the Prelusions of Ali,—an anagrammatic transposition of his initials.

ODE TO CONNECTICUT RIVER.

On thy lov'd banks, sweet river, free
From worldly care and vanity,
I could my every hour confine,
And think true happiness was mine.
Sweet river, in thy gentle stream
Myriads of finny beings swim:
The watchful trout with speckled pride;
The perch, the dace in silvered pride;
The princely salmon, sturgeon brave,
And lamprey, emblem of the knave.
Beneath thy banks, thy shades among,
The muses, mistresses of song,
Delight to sit, to tune the lyre,
And fan the heav'n-descended fire.

Here nymphs dwell, fraught with every grace,
The faultless form, the sparkling face,
The generous breast, by virtue form'd,
With innocence, with friendship warm'd;

Of feelings tender as the dove,
And yielding to the voice of love.
Happiest of all the happy swains
Are those who till thy fertile plains;
With freedom, peace, and plenty crown'd,
They see the varying year go round.
But, more than all, there Fanny dwells,
For whom, departing from their cells,
The muses wreaths of laurel twine,
And bind around her brows divine;

For whom the dryads of the woods,
For whom the nereidas of the floods,
Those as for Dian fam'd of old,
These as for Thetis reverence hold;
With whom, if I could live and die,
With joy I'd live, and die with joy,

SONG.

Tune-"Social Fire."

Of Nancy's charms I fain would sing,
More lovely than the blooming spring,
The nymph of my desire,
Whom heaven grant to cheer my cot,
And make me bless my happy lot,

Around a social fire.

While others barter bliss for gain,
And wear a slavish golden chain,
To wealth I'll not aspire;

I ask enough to live at ease,

To give the poor-my friends to please,
And keep a social fire.

When sets the sun in western sky,
How pleasing from the world to fly,
And to my cot retire;

To find me there a cheerful wife,
And hear the children's playful strife,
Around the social fire.

Such joys as these he never knows,
Who leads a life of dull repose--

Joys that can never tire;

Heaven grant me soon this blissful state,
Then will I hail my happy fate,
And bless my social fire.

DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.

THE founder of this college was Dr. Eleazer Wheelock, whose name it might more properly bear than that of the English statesman which is attached to it. The college grew out of an earlier school, the history of which is peculiar. In 1743, when the Rev. Mr. Wheelock, a native of Windham, Connecticut, a descendant of an eminent ecclesiastical family in New England, and a distinguished student of Yale, where he had taken the first Berkeley premium, had become settled as a devoted minister in Lebanon, Ct, he took some pupils under his charge according to the custom of the times, among whom was the young Mohegan Indian, Samson Occom. His success in the education of this native scholar induced him to form the plan of an Indian Missionary School, to raise up Indian teachers. Other pupils from the Delaware tribe came in. The attention of bencvolent individuals was excited; and in 1754, Joshua Moor, a farmer in Mansfield, gave a house and two acres of land adjacent to Wheelock's residence for the purposes of the school, and the institution, which soon increased the number of its pupils, became known as Moor's Indian Charity School. Occom collected funds in England, which were deposited with a board of trustees, of which Lord Dartmouth, one of the subscribers, was President. The success of the school in the collection of pupils induced Dr. Wheelock to seek another location nearer to the native tribes to be benefited. Various offers were made him of situations at Albany, in Berkshire, Mass.,and elsewhere; and it was finally determined to establish the school in the western part of New Hampshire, Governor Wentworth granted a charter in 1769.

in which the institution was called a college. This new organization led to opposition from the trustees of the school fund; but it was found that the existence of the two could be kept distinct, though they are now established under the direction of the same board of trustees. Lord Dartmouth gave name to the college to which, from his interest in the school, he was opposed. Governor Wentworth was the warm friend of the new college, which received grants of land, and was located at Hanover near the Connecticut river.

Eleazer Wheelock.

In 1770, Dr. Wheelock, approaching the age of sixty, left Lebanon, and commenced his new work in the wilderness. His family and the students at first lived in log huts on the clearing. The Memoirs of Dr. Wheelock give an interesting sketch of the novelties of the college life. Upon a circular area of six acres the pines were felled, and in all directions covered the ground to the height of about five feet. One of these was two hundred and seventy feet in height. Paths of communication were cut through them. The lofty tops of the surrounding forests were often seen bending before the northern tempest, while the air below was still and piercing. The snow lay four feet in depth between four and five months. The sun was invisible by reason of the trees, until risen many degrees above the horizon. In this secluded retreat and in these humble dwellings, this enterprising colony passed a long and dreary winter. The students pursued their studies with diligence; contentment and peace were not interrupted, even by murmurers. A two-story college was erected, and in 1771 four students graduated, one of whom was John Wheelock, son of the first, and the future President of the College. Another was Levi Frisbie, father of the poet, and himself a writer of verses, in some of which he has celebrated the peculiar circumstances in which his Alma Mater was founded.

"Forlorn thus youthful Dartmouth trembling stood,
Surrounded with inhospitable wood:
No silken furs on her soft limbs to spread,
No dome to screen her fair, defenceless head;
On every side she cast her wishful eyes,

Memoirs of the Rev. Eleazer Wheelock, Founder of Dartmouth, by M'Clure and Elijah Parish, 1811.

Then humbly rais'd them to the pitying skies.
Thence grace divine beheld her tender care,
And bowed an ear, propitious to her prayer.
Soon chang'd the scene; the prospect shines more
fair;

Joy lights all faces with a cheerful air;
The buildings rise, the work appears alive,
Pale fear expires, and languid hopes revive.
Calm solitude, to liberal science kind,
Sheds her soft influence on the studious mind;
Afflictions stand aloof; the heavenly powers
Drop needful blessings in abundant showers.*

After ten years' government of the college the first president, Wheelock, died in 1779, aged sixty-eight. He was succeeded in the college government by his son John Wheelock, who was educated at Hanover, one of the first fruits of the college, and had been a tutor till the breaking out of the Revolution, when he led an active military life with Stark and Gates till his father's death recalled him from the army. In 1782 he was sent by the trustees to Europe for the collection of funds and the promotion of the college interests, which had not escaped the depression of the war. He carried with him letters from Washington, who had known and esteemed him as a Revolutionary officer, from the French Minister Luzerne to the Count de Vergennes. Arriving in France, Dr. Franklin and John Adams gave him introductions to the Netherlands, where a considerable sum of money was given by the Prince of Orange and others. In England he arranged the interrupted funds of the school-foundation, procured philosophical instruments and other valuable donations, and on his return to America, after suffering in a severe storm on the banks of Newfoundland, was wrecked on Cape Cod, barely escaping with life to the shore. The college property coming afterwards was saved. Dr. Wheelock's exertions were next directed to the erection of a college edifice by the further collection of funds and other co-operation, for which the institution was greatly indebted to him. He also discharged the duties of professor of history. After thirty-six years' occupancy of his position his connexion with the institution was violently closed.

The college was managed by a body of trustees, created by the charter, who filled vacancies in their number. In 1815 they drew attention upon themselves by an act memorable not only in its immediate but in its ultimate consequences, as affecting the position of the college and determining a great question of legal and constitutional right. Differences in the college with the trustees, and questions of religious opinion, led them in that year to remove Dr. Wheelock from the presidency. A large portion of the public affected to be outraged at the proceeding. Governor William Plummer invited the attention of the state legislature to the subject, who, asserting their claim to alter or amend a charter of which they were the guardians, in

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*From a poem "On the Rise and Progress of Moor's Indian Charity School (now incorporated with Dartmouth College) its removal and settlement in Hanover, and the founding a Church in the same, by one of Dr. Wheelock's pupils, educated in said school, and now a member of said college, preparing for a mission among the Indians." It is printed in the notes to M'Clure and Parish's Memoirs of Wheelock.

Dartmouth College.

The

1816 passed acts creating a new corporation. Nine trustees to be appointed by the governor and council, were added to the old body, the corporate title changed to Dartmouth University, and the property vested in the new board. old tru tees set all this legislation at naught, and keeping up their organization commenced an action for the recovery of the college property. It was decided against them by Chief-Justice Richardson in the Superior Court of the state, and thence carried to the Supreme Court of the United States before Chief-Justice Marshall, where in 1819 the judgment was reversed, and the great principle of the inviolability of chartered corporate property fully established. It was in this cause that Daniel Webster, at the age of thirtyfive, made the commencement of his great reputation as a constitutional lawyer.* He had become a graduate of the college seventeen years before, in 1801, and had argued the cause for the plaintiffs in the highest state court. Mr. Ticknor has described the effect of his argument for the rights of the trustees and the college in the Supreme Court:-"He opened his cause with perfect simplicity in the general statement of its facts, and then went on to unfold the topics of his argument in a lucid order, which made every position sustain every other. The logic and the law were rendered irresistible. As he advanced, his heart warmed to the subject and the occasion. Thoughts and feelings that had grown old with his best affections rose unbidden to his lips. He remembered that the institution he was defending was the one where his own youth had been nurtured; and the moral tenderness and beauty this gave to the grandeur of his thoughts, the sort of religious sensibility it imparted to his urgent appeals and demands for the stern fulfilment of what law and justice required, wrought up the whole audience to an extraordinary state of excitement." Joseph Hopkinson of Philadelphia, who was engaged on the same side with him, wrote to President Brown on the decision-" I would advise you to inscribe over the door of your institution, founded by Eleazer Wheelock:

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refounded by DANIEL WEBSTER." In this case Webster was the associate of Jeremiah Smith and Jeremiah Mason; opposed to John Holines of Maine, William Pinckney and William Wirt of Maryland.

The local agitation which this interference with the college excited was prodigious. Rival newspapers waged furious war, the Dartmouth Gazette and the Portsmouth Oracle in behalf of the college, and the New Hampshire Patriot for the popular opposition.t Religious and political antipathies lent their aid to the controversy. In the midst of the difficulties President Wheelock, who had been restored by the new board of the university, died within two months after that event, in April, 1817, at the age of sixty-three.

In 1816, an important pamphlet, of which Dr. Wheelock furnished the material, appeared, which was an entrenched garrison of facts and statements for the support of his friends and attacks of his enemies. It was entitled, "Sketches of the History of Dartmouth College and Moor's Charity School, with a particular account of some late remarkable proceedings of the Board of Trustees, from the year 1779 to the year 1815." It is given by Allen, who married his daughter, as the composition of Wheelock. It is well written. He also published a eulogy on Dr. Smith, the classical professor of the College, and Allen tells us that he prepared further a large historical work, still remaining in manuscript. He was a laborious student, rising early, and abstemious.

Francis Brown was the regular successor appointed by the Trustees on the removal of Wheelock in 1815. He was a native of New Hampshire, born in 1784, a graduate of the College, and subsequently pastor of the church in North Yarmouth, Maine. Succeeding Wheelock in the presidency of Dartmouth, he carried the College by his exertions successfully through its difficult period of conflict. His serious illness followed close upon the decision of the important college question. He travelled for his health, but shortly returned to die at Hanover, July 27, 1820. left a few published discourses, among which were a defence of Calvin and an Address on Music, delivered before the Handel Society of Dartmouth College in 1809.

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He

Dr. Brown was succeeded by the Rev. Daniel Dana, who retained the office but one year, when the Rev. Bennet Tyler succeeded, and, upon his resignation in 1828, the present incumbent, the Rev. Nathan Lord, received the appointment.

The Triennial Catalogue of 1852, and the Catalogue of Officers and Students for the Academical year 1854-5, exhibit the Institution in a flourishing condition as to the extent of studies pursued, and the number of students availing themselves of the liberal advantages presented. The College comprises a faculty of Arts and Medicine, a separate course of Scientific Instruc

*Life of President Brown, by the Rev. Henry Wood. Am. Quar. Reg. vii. 183.

+ History of New Hampshire, from its discovery in 1614 to the passage of the Toleration Act in 1819, by George Barstow. 2d ed. 1853.

Biog. Dict., article John Wheelock. Any one who wishes to pursue this angry discussion may find abundant materials in a "Candid Analytical Review of the Sketches," an answer, by Josiah Dunham, to the "Vindication" of the Trustees, amoLg the pamphlets of the times.

tion, while Moor's school still remains a distinct and independent corporation, furnishing an Academical department. The Professorships of the Greek and Latin Languages and Literature are respectively held by the Rev. John N. Putnamn and E. D. Sanborn. Lectures are delivered to the Senior Class by the President, on the studies of the year; by Professor Ira Young on Natural Philosophy and Astronomy to the Juniors, by Professor Oliver Payson Hubbard, M.D., on Chemistry and Geology to the Seniors, and on Mineralogy to the Juniors; by Professor Clement Long, D.D., on Intellectual Philosophy to the Seniors, by Professor Samuel Gilman Brown, D.D., on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres to the Seniors and Juniors, by Professor Edwin David Sanborn on History to the Sophomores, by Professor Daniel James Noyes, D.D., on Theology and Moral Philosophy to the Seniors and Juniors; by Professor E. D. Peaslee, M.D., on Anatomy and Physiology to the Seniors. The Hon. Joel Parker holds the chair of Medical Jurisprudence to the Faculty. The Rev. Dr. Roswell Shurtleff, who was Professor of Moral Philosophy from 1827 to 1838, has since that time reached Emeritus. The Rev. Charles B. Haddock was Professor of Rhetoric from 1819 to 1838, and afterwards of Intellectual Philosophy and Political Economy. He has since held a foreign appointment from 1851 to 1853, as Chargé d'Affaires at Lisbon. In 1846 he published a Collection of Addresses and Miscellaneous Writings. Dr. Oliver Wendall Holmes was Professor of Anatomy and Physiology from 1838 to 1840. The Chandler Scientific School was founded by a bequest of Abiel Chandler, late of Walpole, N. H., and formerly of Boston, Mass., who gave fifty thousand dollars to be invested, and the income applied to "the establishment and support of a permanent department or school of instruction in the College, in the practical and useful arts of life, comprised chiefly in the branches of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, the Invention and Manufacture of Machinery, Carpentry, Masonry, Architecture and Drawing, the Investigation of the Properties and Uses of the Materials employed in the Arts, the Modern Languages and English Literature, together with Book-keeping, and such other branches of knowledge as inay best qualify young persons for the duties and employments of active life." These studies are embraced in a regular course of three years, and the scholars pursuing them are entitled to a degree of Bachelor in Science.

The various libraries connected with the College have an aggregate of more than thirty thousand volumes. By the enumeration of the Catalogue, it appears that the whole number of the alumni in 1852 was 2,719, of whom 1,697 were then living. Six hundred and eighty-four of these had become Ministers of the Gospel.

SAMUEL LOW.

FROM the concluding couplet of one of the author's poems, dated December 11, 1785— "Yes, twice ten years ago to-morrow night, Began to breathe the rhyming, moon-struck wight"—

we may place the date of his birth December 12, 1765.

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collection opens with an ode on the death of General Washington, which was recited by Hodgkinson in the New York Theatre, January 8, 1800. It contains a number of other poems addressed to Washington, and several patriotic effusions on the fourth of July and the adoption of the constitution. Themes of a private and familiar, as well as a public nature, attracted his ready muse. "A Glass of Wine," and "A Cigar," are honored like Anna, Portia, Fraternus, and others, with a sonnet a-piece; while the births, marriages, and deaths of his family and friends are commemorated more at length. A few humorous trifles towards the close of the second volume bear the title of "Juvenile Levities." The most elaborate effort of the collection is a descriptive poem of some length on Winter. The picture of the cottage fireside is pleasing.

THE WINTER FIRESIDE.

While uproar now incessant reigns without,
While Winter pours his ruffian blasts about,
Columbia's peasants trim their ample fires,
And through their dwellings genial heat transpires;
In yonder cot, whence smoky columns rise,
The rustic group, secure from stormy skies,
Their ev'ning hours in tranquil ease employ,
And rural pastime 'wakes their souls to joy;
A social crescent round the fire they form,
Whose vivid blaze at once can cheer and warm;
Beneficence and simple truth are there,
And there content and innocence repair;
The surly mastiff by his master stands,
And wistful begs a morsel at his hands;
Around the room her tricks grimalkin tries;
The crackling faggot up the chimney flies;
The cricket chirrups blithesome in the hearth,
And all conspire to heighten harmless mirth,
The roof, that pond'rous heaps of snow sustains,
Now loudly cracking, of the storm complains:
They hear the tempest rage, but reckless hear;
Its piercing blast they neither feel nor fear;
In words uncouth they tell their rustic tales,
Soon o'er the list'ning throng the charm prevails;
Of goblins dire some talk, while others hear
With wond'ring approbation, mix'd with fear;
Imagination's terrors o'er them creep,
And banish from their eyes encroaching sleep:
In social converse fleet their winter nights,
Or the brisk dance, or jocund song delights;
Columbia's rural daughters join the strain,
Or lead the dance, with each her fav'rite swain ;
The quaint old ballad prompts some son'rous voice,
While sires and matrons silently rejoice:

Or if some wit or humorist be there,
Or Humor's murderer, or Wit's despair,
A clam'rous laugh applauds his poor pretence;
Grimace is humor there, and triteness sense.
By Science uninform'd, and unrefin'd

By aught of taste that guides the cultured mind,
The mimic's Proteus power, that can adapt

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